A state is a sovereign entity with defined territorial limits, a population and autonomous governance. Originating from the Latin word "status", it emerged from the decline of the feudalism[1] and was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia of 1648. States exercise sovereign authority through institutions that make and enforce laws, manage economic affairs and provide public services. They can be structured as unitary or federal systems, monarchies or republics, each with distinct organisational characteristics. The main functions include maintaining security, collecting taxes, providing public goods and representing national interests internationally. The concept of the state has been significantly influenced by political philosophers such as Hobbes and Locke and shaped by historical events such as the French Revolution. Its evolution continues in response to global challenges and changing socio-political dynamics.
Note: For other meanings, see State (disambiguation).The term State (from Latin status: way of being, situation, condition) date of the 13th century and refers to any country sovereignwith its own structure and politically organised, as well as designating the set of institutions that control and administer an nation. Successive and ever larger groupings of human beings have come under the domination of a state, the foundations of which have been determined in world history by the Peace of Westphaliain 1648. The state institution, which has a base of legal and social prescriptions to be followed, is seen as "vault" of laws that should govern and regulate life in society.
To KantThe state is referred to as public affairs (res publica), when it has for liaison the interest everyone has in living in legal statussuch as power (power), when thinking about relations with other peoples, or by gens (nation), because of the union that is intended to be hereditary. He sees the state as community, sovereignty and nationIf we use today's categories, the state is at the same time a state-community, or republic, a state-apparatus, or principality, and a community of generations, or nation. According to jurist Italian Norberto BobbioThe word was first used in its contemporary sense in the book The Art of Warby the general strategist Sun Tzuand later in a book called The Prince, diplomat and military officer Nicolaus Machiavelli.
State is not to be confused with government. The state is structured politics, social e legallyoccupying a territory defined where, normally, the maximum law is a constitution writing - from where the legitimisation of its actions and existence also arises. It is run by a government that has sovereignty determined both internally and externally. A sovereign state is summarised by the maxim "One government, one peoplea territory". The state is responsible for organising and social controlbecause, according to Max Weberthe monopoly of legitimate violence (coercion(especially legal). According to the most common sociological sectoral division, the State is considered to be the First Sectorand the Market and the Civil Society respectively as Second e Third Sectors. The recognition of the independence of one state from the others, allowing the former to establish international agreementsThis is a fundamental condition for establishing sovereignty. The state can also be defined in terms of internal conditions, specifically (as described by Max Weber, among others) with regard to the institution of the monopoly the use of violence.
The word is usually spelt with a capital letter in order to differentiate it from other words. homonyms. There is, however, a current of philologists that defends its writing with a lower case, as in citizenship or civil. Not with the aim of harming the traditional definition of State, but in order to equate the spelling with other no less important terms. The concept seems to have its origins in the ancient city states that developed in the seniority in various regions of the world, such as Sumer, a Central America and the Far East. In many cases, these city-states were, at a certain point in the historyunder the tutelage of the government of a kingdom or empireThe state as a basic political unit in the world has partly evolved into a state of mutual economic interests and domination by force. The state as the basic political unit in the world has, in part, evolved towards a supranationalismin the form of regional organisationssuch as European Union.
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