Poder Judiciário - Advogados Cabo Verde

Judiciary

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O system^[4] judicial brasileiro é estabelecido pela Constitution^[2] como um ramo independente do governo, compreendendo o Supreme Court^[1], tribunais federais e estaduais, e tribunais especializados como os eleitorais e trabalhistas. O Judiciário opera através de uma estrutura hierárquica com o Supremo Court^[5] Federal no ápice, apoiado pelo Ministério Público e pelo Conselho Judicial. Apesar de ser crucial para a governança nacional, o sistema enfrenta desafios significativos, incluindo ineficiências, acúmulo de processos e limitações de recursos. Os juízes são nomeados através de exames competitivos e desfrutam de proteções para garantir independência, com mecanismos de supervisão ética. Reformas em andamento visam melhorar a eficiência judicial, modernizar procedimentos e abordar percepções públicas de corrupção. Os objetivos principais do sistema incluem manter os freios e contrapesos, proteger os princípios constitucionais e proporcionar justice^[3] justa e tempestiva nos níveis federal e estadual.

Terms definitions

1. ↑ Supreme Court ( Supremo Tribunal Federal ) The Supreme Federal Court (STF) is Brazil's highest judicial body, established in 1822 and serving as a supreme and constitutional court. Located in Brasilia since 1960, it is made up of 11 Justices appointed by the President and confirmed by the Federal Senate, with compulsory retirement at the age of 75. Its primary function is to safeguard the 1988 Constitution, with powers to review constitutionality through mechanisms such as the Direct Action for Unconstitutionality. The court's sessions are broadcast publicly, and its president holds significant institutional importance, being fourth in the line of presidential succession. Throughout Brazilian history, the STF has played a critical role in maintaining judicial independence, particularly during challenging political periods such as the military regime. Its jurisdiction covers the interpretation of constitutional matters, the judgement of high authorities and the resolution of legal disputes, representing a fundamental pillar of the Brazilian democratic system.

2. ↑ Constitution ( Constitution ) Constitutions are fundamental legal documents that define government structures, rights and principles. They can be rigid or flexible, existing at national, regional or local levels, and are created by a sovereign constituent power. Constitutional reforms are typically carried out by a derived constituent power with specific limitations. Key features include protecting fundamental rights, establishing state mechanisms and maintaining legal supremacy. Control mechanisms ensure constitutional compliance through diffuse and concentrated review processes. Most democratic constitutions are developed through constituent assemblies and include provisions that protect core normative elements. International influences, particularly from the American and French revolutions, have shaped modern constitutional theory. Notably, some constitutions such as India's are extensively detailed, with hundreds of articles and amendments. The principle of constitutional unity emphasises the harmonious interpretation of legal principles, resolving potential conflicts through balanced approaches.

Judiciary (Wikipedia)

This page cites sourcesbut do not cover all content. Help insert references (Find sources: ABW - CAPES - Google (N - L - A)). (Maio de 2023)

O Judiciary é um dos três poderes of State moderno. É exercido pelos juízes e possui a capacidade e a prerrogativa de julgar, de acordo com as regras constitucionais e leis criadas pelo poder legislativo em determinado país.

A principal função do Poder Judiciário é defender os direitos de cada cidadão, promovendo a justiça e resolvendo os prováveis conflitos que possam surgir na sociedade, através da investigação, apuração, julgamento e punição.

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