Ma’at

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Maat é um conceito e uma deusa do antigo Egito representando a ordem cósmica, o equilíbrio e a justice[2]. Representada como uma jovem mulher com um toucado de pena de avestruz, asas e segurando um cetro e um Ankh, ela personifica princípios fundamentais da existência. Central na society[1] egípcia, Maat era a principal responsabilidade do Faraó, garantindo a harmonia social e o equilíbrio universal. Sua importância ia além da mitologia, estendendo-se aos marcos legais e éticos, com audiências judiciais realizadas em seu santuário e seus princípios orientando as interações sociais. No além-vida, o coração do falecido era pesado contra a pena de Maat, determinando sua dignidade. O conceito abrangia ciclos sazonais, interações sociais e o equilíbrio cósmico, tornando Maat um elemento fundamental na compreensão filosófica e espiritual egípcia de ordem e retidão.

Terms definitions
1. society. A society is a group of individuals interacting to achieve common goals, sharing a fundamental principle of bonding. Characterised by networks of interconnected relationships, societies can be institutionalised or non-institutionalised, ranging from bands and tribes to complex state structures. Communities serve as intermediary groups between individuals and wider societal structures, encompassing family, professional and social networks. Anthropological perspectives emphasise the organisation of societies based on subsistence, technology and communication, challenging previous hierarchical notions. Social norms and institutions play crucial roles in maintaining group cohesion, with mechanisms such as generosity, status recognition and shared rituals. The evolution of societies reflects changing dynamics of cooperation, specialisation and adaptation, demonstrating how human groups organise themselves to survive and thrive in different cultural and environmental contexts.
2. justice. Justice is a complex philosophical and social concept that has been examined through various lenses in different historical periods. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Aristotle explored its subjective and corrective dimensions, while medieval thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas connected justice to divine will. Modern theorists such as Rawls, Sen and Dworkin offer diverse perspectives on fairness, equality and social organisation. Key approaches include utilitarian views that emphasise collective happiness, libertarian perspectives that prioritise individual rights and capability-based frameworks that focus on human potential. Academics debate the fundamental principles of justice, examining the distribution of resources, opportunities and social goods. Symbolically represented by scales, a sword and blindfolded figures, justice embodies impartiality, balance and rational decision-making. Contemporary discourse continues to explore how justice can be achieved through legal, economic and philosophical mechanisms, recognising its dynamic and multifaceted nature.
Ma'at (Wikipedia)
 Note: Se procura pelo Museu de Arte, Arquitetura e Tecnologia, em Lisboa, veja Museu de Arte, Arquitetura e Tecnologia.

In religião egípcia, Maat or Ma'at is the deusa of verdade, from justice, da retidão e da ordem. É a deusa responsável pela manutenção da ordem cósmica e social, esposa de Toth (alguns escritores defendem que o deus-lua Toth era o irmão de Maat). Ela é representada como uma jovem mulher ostentando uma pluma de avestruz na cabeça, a qual era pesada contra o coração (alma) do morto no julgamento de Osíris.

Maat

M3ˁt
Maat
Deusa egípcia Maat
Outros nomes
Ideogram
C10

Império Antigo
U2
Aa11
D36
X1
H6G7
U2
Aa11
D36
X1
C19
U2
N20
a
X1

Império Médio
U5
a
tC10

Império Novo
U4a
X1
H6C10Y1
Z2
H6X1

Época Baixa
Aa11
X1
Parentesco
Cônjuge Toth
Filho(a)(s) Bastet Sexate Madset

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