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Law[3] ordinária no Brasil e em Portugal representa atos legislativos promulgados pelos ramos legislativo ou executivo. No Brasil, leis ordinárias podem ser propostas por diversos atores, incluindo membros do Congresso, o Presidente e cidadãos, e são reguladas pela Constitution[1]. Estas leis diferem de emendas constitucionais e outros instrumentos legislativos. Portugal igualmente reconhece leis ordinárias, incluindo leis emitidas pela Assembly[2] da República e decretos-lei do governo. Ambos os sistemas jurídicos mantêm uma estrutura hierárquica onde as leis ordinárias devem cumprir normas constitucionais e legais de hierarquia superior. Os processos legislativos variam entre os países, com o Brasil oferecendo uma abordagem mais inclusiva de proposta de lei, enquanto Portugal enfatiza o envolvimento dos ramos legislativo e executivo. A distinção fundamental reside nos mecanismos específicos de criação legislativa e nas relações nuançadas entre diferentes tipos de instrumentos legais.
Terms definitions
1. ↑ Constitution ( Constitution ) Constitutions are fundamental legal documents that define government structures, rights and principles. They can be rigid or flexible, existing at national, regional or local levels, and are created by a sovereign constituent power. Constitutional reforms are typically carried out by a derived constituent power with specific limitations. Key features include protecting fundamental rights, establishing state mechanisms and maintaining legal supremacy. Control mechanisms ensure constitutional compliance through diffuse and concentrated review processes. Most democratic constitutions are developed through constituent assemblies and include provisions that protect core normative elements. International influences, particularly from the American and French revolutions, have shaped modern constitutional theory. Notably, some constitutions such as India's are extensively detailed, with hundreds of articles and amendments. The principle of constitutional unity emphasises the harmonious interpretation of legal principles, resolving potential conflicts through balanced approaches.
2. ↑ Assembly ( Assembly ) An assembly is a gathering of people for political, religious or social purposes, typically made up of representatives or delegates. Assemblies serve as forums for discussion, decision-making and collective action, playing a crucial role in democratic governance. They can take various forms, including legislative bodies, constituent assemblies and representative assemblies. Throughout history, notable assemblies have shaped political movements and governance, such as the French National Assembly during the Revolution and the United Nations General Assembly. While assemblies are essential for public participation and representation of community interests, they face challenges such as polarisation and ensuring balanced representation. Their role involves passing laws, drafting policies and providing a check on government power, with their importance and methods continuing to evolve in the modern political landscape.
3. ↑ Law ( Law ) The law has evolved through complex historical stages, from ancient Egyptian and Sumerian codes to sophisticated Roman legal systems. Ancient civilisations developed organised legal structures, with significant innovations emerging in Greece and Rome. Roman law, strongly influenced by Greek philosophy, was systematically codified and subsequently rediscovered in the 11th century, forming the basis for continental European legal systems. During the Middle Ages, custom and case law replaced rigid Roman codes, with the English royal courts developing common law precedents. Modern legal systems emerged with influential codifications such as the Napoleonic and German civil codes, demonstrating increasing standardisation. Throughout history, law has been closely connected to the development of civilisation, continually adapting to changing social contexts and reflecting national identities through philosophical, cultural and professional influences.
No law, a lei ordinária é um ato normativo primário e contém, em regra, normas gerais e abstratas. Embora as laws sejam definidas, normalmente, pela generalidade e abstração ("lei material"), estas contêm, não raramente, normas singulares ("lei formal" ou "ato normativo de efeitos concretos").
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