Justice is a complex philosophical and social concept that has been examined through various lenses in different historical periods. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Aristotle explored its subjective and corrective dimensions, while medieval thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas connected justice to divine will. Modern theorists such as Rawls, Sen and Dworkin offer diverse perspectives on fairness, equality and social organisation. Key approaches include utilitarian views that emphasise collective happiness, libertarian perspectives that prioritise individual rights and capability-based frameworks that focus on human potential. Academics debate the fundamental principles of justice, examining the distribution of resources, opportunities and social goods. Symbolically represented by scales, a sword and blindfolded figures, justice embodies impartiality, balance and rational decision-making. Contemporary discourse continues to explore how justice can be achieved through legal, economic and philosophical mechanisms, recognising its dynamic and multifaceted nature.
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Note: For other meanings, see Justice (disambiguation).Justice is a concept abstract which refers to a state of social interaction ideal where there is a balance, in itself reasonable and impartialamong the interests, riches and opportunities of the people involved in a particular social group. It is a concept present in the study of law, philosophy, ethics, moral e religion. Its conceptions and practical applications vary according to the social context in a given region and its interpretative perspective, and it is commonly the subject of controversy among thinkers and scholars.
In a broader sense, it can be seen as an abstract term that designates respect for the rights of others, the enforcement or restoration of their rights because they are greater by moral or material virtue. Justice can be recognised through automatic or intuitive mechanisms in social relationships, as well as by mediation through the courts and the Judiciary.
In Ancient GreeceJustice was represented by a goddess, Themis and later, Dice. She was depicted with her eyes open. In Ancient Rome, a Justice (Iustitia) was represented by a blindfolded statue, whose maximum values were: "everyone is equal before the law" and "everyone has equal legal guarantees"; or even "everyone has equal rights". Justice should seek to equality among all people.
Justice is also "one of the four cardinal virtues" and according to doctrine of the Catholic Churchconsists of "the constant and firm will to give to others what is their due" (CCIC, n. 381).
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