Jurisdição

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A jurisdição é a autoridade legal para administrar a justice[1] e resolver conflitos, tradicionalmente associada ao judiciário mas agora abrangendo diversos organismos governamentais. Envolve princípios como imparcialidade, inevitabilidade e inércia, com características incluindo aplicação mandatória e universal. A jurisdição pode ser voluntária (administrativa) ou contenciosa (destinada à pacificação social), e não se limita a processos judiciais. Métodos alternativos de resolução de conflitos como mediação e arbitragem existem paralelamente aos processos judiciais. O conceito é fundamental para o procedimento civil, envolvendo condições de ação como interesse legítimo e possibilidade de reparação. Os aspetos-chave incluem o poder de determinar questões legais, a capacidade de substituir a vontade das partes e proporcionar proteção judicial efetiva como um law[2] fundamental.

Terms definitions
1. justice. Justice is a complex philosophical and social concept that has been examined through various lenses in different historical periods. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Aristotle explored its subjective and corrective dimensions, while medieval thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas connected justice to divine will. Modern theorists such as Rawls, Sen and Dworkin offer diverse perspectives on fairness, equality and social organisation. Key approaches include utilitarian views that emphasise collective happiness, libertarian perspectives that prioritise individual rights and capability-based frameworks that focus on human potential. Academics debate the fundamental principles of justice, examining the distribution of resources, opportunities and social goods. Symbolically represented by scales, a sword and blindfolded figures, justice embodies impartiality, balance and rational decision-making. Contemporary discourse continues to explore how justice can be achieved through legal, economic and philosophical mechanisms, recognising its dynamic and multifaceted nature.
2. law. Law is a complex system of rules that regulate human behaviour through rights and duties, shaped by various social and cultural influences. Rooted in Latin and Sanskrit origins, it encompasses various legal families such as civil law and common law. The field largely distinguishes between public and private law, addressing corporate and individual interests respectively. Its foundations date back to archaic societies, with early codifications such as the Code of Ur-Namu and the Code of Hammurabi. Roman law significantly advanced legal systems, separating law from religion and morality, and developing sophisticated legal concepts. Modern law comes from multiple sources, including state legislation, international treaties and individual contracts. Courts and tribunals apply legal norms through interpretation guided by doctrine, custom and judicial precedent, reflecting the dynamic and adaptive nature of law.
Jurisdição (Wikipedia)

Dá-se o nome de jurisdiction (do latim juris, "direito", e dicere, "dizer") ao poder que detém o State para aplicar o law ao caso concreto, com o objetivo de solucionar os conflitos de interesses e, com isso, resguardar a ordem jurídica e a autoridade da law.

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