Legal doctrine

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A doutrina jurídica compreende princípios e regras derivados de decisões judiciais, principalmente em sistemas de law^[4] comum. Fornece uma estrutura sistemática para interpretar a law^[5], garantindo consistência e previsibilidade na administration^[1] jurídica. Através da doutrina do precedente, os tribunais desenvolvem decisões passadas para estabelecer princípios jurídicos vinculativos que evoluem com as mudanças sociais e económicas. Ao contrário dos sistemas de civil law^[3] que dependem fortemente de códigos estatutários, os sistemas de direito comum enfatizam a interpretação judicial e o precedente. A doutrina jurídica desempenha um papel crucial na promoção do rule of law^[2], aumentando a legitimidade do system^[6] judicial e permitindo que os profissionais jurídicos aconselhem eficazmente os clientes. À medida que os tribunais abordam novos desafios jurídicos, a doutrina adapta-se continuamente, refinando princípios para permanecer responsiva às necessidades sociais, mantendo simultaneamente uma estrutura jurídica coerente.

Terms definitions

1. ↑ administration. Management is a social science focused on managing organisations, studying principles and practices to achieve objectives in the public, private and non-profit sectors. Originating from industrial organisational needs, it draws knowledge from multiple disciplines. Key contributors such as Peter Drucker, Henri Fayol and Frederick Taylor developed foundational theories that explore management approaches. The field encompasses core functions of planning, organising, leading and controlling, with administrators serving as crucial bridges between resources and objectives. The challenges of modern management include adapting to rapid social change, technological advances and increasing complexity in organisational structures. It involves strategic decision-making in diverse domains such as finance, marketing, human resources and logistics. Administrators operate in diverse environments, from state-owned enterprises to non-profit organisations, using tools such as SWOT analysis and Balanced Scorecard to guide strategic planning and evaluate performance.

2. ↑ rule of law. The rule of law is a legal system where all individuals and authorities are subject to established legal norms, emphasising respect for fundamental rights and limiting arbitrary power. Originating from political philosophers such as Montesquieu and Kant, the concept contrasts with absolute monarchies and dictatorships. In modern democratic societies, the rule of law goes beyond property rights to encompass human dignity, defining how state power is exercised and controlled. Key principles include the separation of powers, judicial autonomy and constitutional restrictions on state action. Democracy in this context is characterised by elected representatives and legal mechanisms that guarantee government accountability. Positive law, created by politically constituted representatives, plays a crucial role in defining and limiting state power, with the judiciary maintaining a critical oversight function to prevent potential abuses.

Legal doctrine (Wikipedia)

This article or section contains a list of references at the end of the textbut its sources are unclear because are not cited in the body of the articlewhich jeopardises reliability information. Help improve this article inserting quotes in the body of the article. (Maio de 2013)

Doutrina jurídica é uma disciplina humanística que estuda o law. Distingue-se em escopo e métodos da Science of law and philosophy of law.

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