Communication is a complex process of exchanging information through signs, symbols and technological channels. Evolving from oral and written forms to digital platforms, it encompasses various modes, including verbal, non-verbal and mediated communication. Emerging at the beginning of the 20th century, communication theory explores the structure and social meaning of human interaction in different contexts, such as interpersonal, organisational and intercultural domains. Semiotics plays a crucial role in understanding how thoughts and feelings are transformed into comprehensible signs. Technological advances, particularly computers and social networks, continue to reshape communication processes, moving from traditional mass media to collaborative networks. The field draws insights from humanistic disciplines such as philosophy, sociology[1] and psychology, examining communication as a dynamic social phenomenon that reflects human connectivity and the exchange of information.
A communication (from the Latin communicatio.onis, which means "action of participating") is a process that involves the exchange of information between two or more interlocutors by means of signs and rules semiotics mutually understandable. It is a primary social process, which allows messages to be created and interpreted, provoking a response.
The basic steps of communication are the motivations or the intention of communicating, the composition of the message, the coding and transmission of the coded messages, the reception of the signals, the decoding and finally the interpretation of the message by the receiver. The communication process is defined by communication technology, the characteristics of the senders and receivers of information, their cultural reference codes, their communication protocols and the scope of the process.
Communication includes technical subjects (e.g. telecommunications), biological subjects (e.g., physiology, function e evolution) and social (e.g. journalism, public relations, advertising, audiovisual e media). In the process of communication in which some kind of technical apparatus is involved that mediates the speakers, it is said that there is mediated communication.
For semioticsThe act of communicating is the materialisation of thought/feeling into signs known by the parties involved. These symbols are transmitted and reinterpreted by the receiver. It is also possible to think of new communication processes, which include collaborative networks and hybrid systems that combine mass communication and personal communication.
Scientific studies of communication can be divided into:
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