Código de Teodósio - Advogados Cabo Verde

1. ↑ Corpus Juris Civilis ( Corpus Juris Civilis ) The Corpus Juris Civilis, commissioned by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I in the 6th century, was a comprehensive legal compilation designed to unify and expand Byzantine legislation. Led by Tribonian, a minister of justice, the project involved the creation of four main components: the Institutes, the Digest, the Code and the Novels. The Institutes served as an introductory legal manual for students, while the Digest compiled fragments from classical Roman jurists. The original Code, published in 529, was later revised in 534 as the Codex Vetus. The process involved harmonising various legal opinions and updating existing imperial constitutions. This groundbreaking work systematically organised legal principles covering people, things and actions, and became a fundamental text in legal education, significantly influencing subsequent legal systems in Europe and beyond.

2. ↑ Roman Empire ( Império Romano ) O Império Romano evoluiu de uma república para uma civilização expansiva e complexa que abrangeu vários séculos. Inicialmente expandindo-se a partir da península itálica através de conquistas militares, desenvolveu sistemas administrativos e jurídicos sofisticados. A transição da república para o império ocorreu sob Augusto, que estabeleceu a governação imperial e iniciou o período do Principado. Ao longo da sua história, o império experimentou transformações políticas significativas, incluindo períodos de estabilidade sob os "Bons Imperadores" e crises subsequentes. A sociedade romana era caracterizada por infraestruturas avançadas, uma economia robusta baseada na agricultura e no comércio, e um sistema jurídico sofisticado. O latim servia como língua administrativa principal, e a cultura romana influenciou fortemente a arquitetura, o direito e as estruturas sociais. O ponto territorial máximo do império ocorreu sob Trajano, com os seus territórios ocidentais a caírem ultimamente para invasões bárbaras em 476 d.C., enquanto o Império Romano do Oriente (Bizâncio) continuou até 1453.

3. ↑ administration. Management is a social science focused on managing organisations, studying principles and practices to achieve objectives in the public, private and non-profit sectors. Originating from industrial organisational needs, it draws knowledge from multiple disciplines. Key contributors such as Peter Drucker, Henri Fayol and Frederick Taylor developed foundational theories that explore management approaches. The field encompasses core functions of planning, organising, leading and controlling, with administrators serving as crucial bridges between resources and objectives. The challenges of modern management include adapting to rapid social change, technological advances and increasing complexity in organisational structures. It involves strategic decision-making in diverse domains such as finance, marketing, human resources and logistics. Administrators operate in diverse environments, from state-owned enterprises to non-profit organisations, using tools such as SWOT analysis and Balanced Scorecard to guide strategic planning and evaluate performance.

4. ↑ Theodosius II ( Teodósio II ) Teodósio II, imperador bizantino que reinou de 408 a 450 d.C., ascendeu ao trono aos 7 anos sob a regência de Antêmio e depois sua irmã Pulquéria. Seu reinado foi marcado por significativas conquistas administrativas e defensivas, incluindo a construção das Muralhas de Teodósio e a implementação de leis contra grupos não ortodoxos. Casou-se com Eudócia, com quem teve três filhos, e manteve complexas dinâmicas de corte envolvendo a influência de sua irmã. Teodósio foi instrumental em apoiar o Império Ocidental, particularmente na elevação de Valentiniano III como Augusto e na resposta à invasão vândala da África. Seu período viu uma maior centralização do poder imperial, consolidação religiosa do Cristianismo Ortodoxo e manobras diplomáticas entre territórios romanos orientais e ocidentais. Apesar de desafios pessoais e disputas familiares, manteve a estabilidade imperial e expandiu as capacidades políticas e defensivas de Constantinopla.

5. ↑ roman law. Roman law encompassed legal rules developed in Rome and its empire from 449 BC to 530 AD, evolving through four main periods. Initially nationalistic and linked to religious practices, it gradually became more universal and complex. The Twelve Tablets, Rome's first written legal text, marked a critical transition from customary law to codified law, addressing procedures, judgements and property rights. Under Justinian, significant legal compilations such as the Corpus Juris Civilis were created, integrating Greek legal concepts and imperial constitutions. Roman law profoundly influenced legal systems in Europe and Latin America, establishing fundamental principles of private and public law. Its legacy includes the development of legal professionalism, jurisprudence and structures to harmonise legal standards, making it a crucial model for understanding legal systems historically and contemporarily.

6. ↑ Latin. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originating in Latium, Rome, which became the official language of the Roman Republic, Empire and Catholic Church. Characterised by its flexible syntax, Latin evolved through various historical stages, from pre-literary to classical periods. Vulgar Latin formed the basis for modern Romance languages such as Italian, Spanish and French. Although it is no longer spoken natively, Latin has remained significant in ecclesiastical and academic contexts, serving as the lingua franca of the Western world for over a millennium. Its alphabet became globally prevalent, and significantly influenced vocabulary in science, law and academia. Despite becoming a "dead language", Latin's legacy lives on through its extensive linguistic contributions, continued use in Vatican administrative processes and its foundational role in Western intellectual and cultural traditions.