<br />
<b>Warning</b>:  Undefined array key "Lei Penal" in <b>/home/u461346235/domains/advogados.cv/public_html/wp-content/plugins/TooltipProEcommerce/glossaryPro.php</b> on line <b>636</b><br />
<br />
<b>Warning</b>:  Trying to access array offset on value of type null in <b>/home/u461346235/domains/advogados.cv/public_html/wp-content/plugins/TooltipProEcommerce/glossaryPro.php</b> on line <b>636</b><br />
<br />
<b>Warning</b>:  Attempt to read property "post_title" on null in <b>/home/u461346235/domains/advogados.cv/public_html/wp-content/plugins/TooltipProEcommerce/glossaryPro.php</b> on line <b>636</b><br />
<br />
<b>Warning</b>:  Undefined array key "Lei Penal" in <b>/home/u461346235/domains/advogados.cv/public_html/wp-content/plugins/TooltipProEcommerce/glossaryPro.php</b> on line <b>667</b><br />
<br />
<b>Warning</b>:  Trying to access array offset on value of type null in <b>/home/u461346235/domains/advogados.cv/public_html/wp-content/plugins/TooltipProEcommerce/glossaryPro.php</b> on line <b>667</b><br />
<br />
<b>Warning</b>:  Attempt to read property "post_title" on null in <b>/home/u461346235/domains/advogados.cv/public_html/wp-content/plugins/TooltipProEcommerce/glossaryPro.php</b> on line <b>667</b><br />
{"id":1457,"date":"2024-12-05T20:38:45","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T21:38:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/glossary\/crime-preterintencional\/"},"modified":"2024-12-05T20:38:45","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T21:38:45","slug":"crime-preterintencional","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/pre-intentional-crime\/","title":{"rendered":"Pre-intentional crime"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pre-intentional crimes involve unintended consequences beyond the initial intent of the perpetrator, characterised by a mixture of intent and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/negligencia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">negligence<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>. These crimes occur when an individual aims to commit a minor offence but inadvertently causes a more serious result, such as <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/bodily-injury\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodily injury<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> resulting in <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/death\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>death<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink3-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink3\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>. Article 19 of the Brazilian Penal Code defines these offences as qualified by their result. The sentence considers the original intentional conduct, with the unintentional culpable result serving as an aggravating factor. Examples include <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/robbery\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>robbery<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink4-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink4\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> that leads to death or intentional bodily injury causing unintentional fatality. The legal concept applies in various jurisdictions, examining the nuanced relationship between an agent's initial intention and the subsequent, more serious consequence. Academic and legal sources such as Netto &amp; Fiorini and Mirabete &amp; Fabbrini provide a comprehensive analysis of this complex criminal phenomenon.<\/p>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnotes-block\"><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header\">Terms definitions<\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header-border\"><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">1. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/negligencia\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">negligence<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Negligence is a legal and ethical concept characterised by carelessness, inaction and failure to fulfil duties. It involves human conduct that infringes an objective duty of care, potentially causing harm. In medical contexts, examples include abandoning patients, omitting treatment or leaving surgical objects inside a patient. Legally, negligence can result in criminal liability when an individual fails to prevent a harmful outcome despite having the ability to do so. It is considered a culpable form of conduct that stems from indolence, passivity and a lack of necessary reflection. Negligence intersects related concepts such as recklessness, incompetence and sin, demonstrating its complex nature in understanding human responsibility and accountability in various domains. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">2. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/bodily-injury\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">bodily injury<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Bodily injury is physical harm inflicted on a person, defined in Brazilian Penal Law in Article 129. It covers various degrees of damage, from mild to fatal, and can be intentional or unintentional. The law distinguishes between different types of injury, including serious bodily injury involving permanent disability, loss of function or incurable disease. Domestic violence carries aggravated penalties. Perpetrators can be anyone, and the victim is typically another individual. The legal framework considers factors such as intent, provocation and social context when determining penalties. Culpable bodily injury, resulting from recklessness or negligence, is treated separately. The penal code allows for judicial discretion in sentencing, potentially reducing penalties for privileged bodily injury or substituting detention for fines in less serious cases. <\/span><\/div><button class=\"cmtt-footnote-showmore-btn\">Show more<\/button><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink3\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">3. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink3-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/death\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">death<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Death is a complex biological and philosophical phenomenon characterised by the cessation of physiological functions and consciousness. Defined differently across cultures and disciplines, it involves intricate medical, legal and ethical considerations. Traditionally identified by cardiac and respiratory failure, modern definitions increasingly emphasise brain death and neurological criteria. Biological processes after death include cellular decomposition, influenced by environmental factors. Globally, ageing remains the leading cause of death, with infectious diseases predominant in developing countries and chronic conditions prevalent in industrialised nations. Cultural interpretations vary widely, with different societies developing unique rituals and perspectives on mortality. Medical advances have transformed the understanding of death, making it a more controlled and medically managed event, raising ongoing debates about precise definition, determination and implications for organ donation and end-of-life decisions. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink4\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">4. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink4-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/robbery\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">robbery<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> In Brazil, theft is a serious criminal offence with penalties ranging from 4 to 10 years in prison and a fine. The offence is consummated when possession is illegally transferred by means of violence or a serious threat, even if only briefly. Penalties increase in specific circumstances such as the use of a weapon, multiple offenders or restriction of the victim's freedom. Serious bodily injury can extend imprisonment to 7-15 years. Legal nuances distinguish robbery from robbery-homicide, with each offence having distinct intent. The involvement of a firearm is carefully assessed, requiring functional weapons that genuinely embarrass the victims. The legal framework considers factors such as violence, threat and the specific context of the theft. Prosecution is based on a precise interpretation of the Penal Code, emphasising the difference between theft and robbery by the element of direct confrontation and threat. <\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-bottom-border\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Crimes preterintencionais envolvem consequ&ecirc;ncias n&atilde;o intencionais al&eacute;m da inten&ccedil;&atilde;o inicial do perpetrador, caracterizados por uma mistura de inten&ccedil;&atilde;o e neglig&ecirc;ncia. Estes crimes ocorrem quando um indiv&iacute;duo visa cometer uma infra&ccedil;&atilde;o menor, mas inadvertidamente causa um resultado mais grave, como les&atilde;o corporal resultando em morte. O Artigo 19 do C&oacute;digo Penal Brasileiro define estes crimes como [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnotes-block\">\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header\">Terms definitions<\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header-border\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">1. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &uarr; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/negligencia\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">negligence<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> A neglig&ecirc;ncia &eacute; um conceito jur&iacute;dico e &eacute;tico caracterizado pela descuidada, ina&ccedil;&atilde;o e falha no cumprimento de deveres. Envolve conduta humana que infringe um dever objetivo de cuidado, potencialmente causando <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/damage\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>damage<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink8-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink8\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>. Em contextos m&eacute;dicos, os exemplos incluem abandonar pacientes, omitir tratamento ou deixar objetos cir&uacute;rgicos dentro de um paciente. Legalmente, a neglig&ecirc;ncia pode resultar em responsabilidade criminal quando um indiv&iacute;duo falha em prevenir um resultado prejudicial apesar de ter a capacidade de o fazer. &Eacute; considerada uma forma culp&aacute;vel de conduta que decorre da indol&ecirc;ncia, passividade e falta de reflex&atilde;o necess&aacute;ria. A neglig&ecirc;ncia interseta conceitos relacionados como temeridade, incompet&ecirc;ncia e pecado, demonstrando a sua natureza complexa na compreens&atilde;o da responsabilidade humana e da responsabiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o em v&aacute;rios dom&iacute;nios. <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">2. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &uarr; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/bodily-injury\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">bodily injury<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Les&atilde;o corporal &eacute; dano f&iacute;sico infligido a uma pessoa, definido na <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/criminal-law-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Lei Penal<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink6-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink6\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> Brasileira no Artigo 129. Abrange diversos graus de dano, de leve a fatal, podendo ser intencional ou n&atilde;o intencional. A <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/law\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>law<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink9-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink9\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> distingue entre diferentes tipos de les&atilde;o, incluindo les&atilde;o corporal grave envolvendo incapacidade permanente, perda de fun&ccedil;&atilde;o ou doen&ccedil;a incur&aacute;vel. A viol&ecirc;ncia dom&eacute;stica carrega penalidades agravadas. Os perpetradores podem ser qualquer pessoa, e a v&iacute;tima &eacute; tipicamente outro indiv&iacute;duo. A estrutura legal considera fatores como inten&ccedil;&atilde;o, provoca&ccedil;&atilde;o e contexto social ao determinar as penalidades. Les&atilde;o corporal culposa, resultante de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/imprudencia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">imprud&ecirc;ncia<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink5-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink5\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> ou neglig&ecirc;ncia, &eacute; tratada separadamente. O c&oacute;digo penal permite discricionariedade judicial na senten&ccedil;a, potencialmente reduzindo penas para les&atilde;o corporal privilegiada ou substituindo <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/detencao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">detention<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink7-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink7\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> por multas em casos menos graves. <\/span><\/div>\n<p><button class=\"cmtt-footnote-showmore-btn\">Show more<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink3\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">3. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink3-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &uarr; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/death\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">death<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> A morte &eacute; um fen&oacute;meno biol&oacute;gico e filos&oacute;fico complexo caracterizado pela cessa&ccedil;&atilde;o das fun&ccedil;&otilde;es fisiol&oacute;gicas e da consci&ecirc;ncia. Definida de forma diferente atrav&eacute;s de culturas e disciplinas, envolve considera&ccedil;&otilde;es m&eacute;dicas, legais e &eacute;ticas intrincadas. Tradicionalmente identificada pela fal&ecirc;ncia card&iacute;aca e respirat&oacute;ria, as defini&ccedil;&otilde;es modernas enfatizam cada vez mais a morte cerebral e crit&eacute;rios neurol&oacute;gicos. Os processos biol&oacute;gicos ap&oacute;s a morte incluem decomposi&ccedil;&atilde;o celular, influenciada por fatores ambientais. Globalmente, o envelhecimento continua a ser a principal causa de morte, com doen&ccedil;as infecciosas predominantes em pa&iacute;ses em desenvolvimento e condi&ccedil;&otilde;es cr&oacute;nicas prevalentes em na&ccedil;&otilde;es industrializadas. As interpreta&ccedil;&otilde;es culturais variam amplamente, com diferentes sociedades desenvolvendo rituais e perspetivas &uacute;nicas sobre mortalidade. Os avan&ccedil;os m&eacute;dicos transformaram a compreens&atilde;o da morte, tornando-a um evento mais controlado e medicamente gerido, levantando debates cont&iacute;nuos sobre defini&ccedil;&atilde;o precisa, determina&ccedil;&atilde;o e implica&ccedil;&otilde;es para doa&ccedil;&atilde;o de &oacute;rg&atilde;os e decis&otilde;es de fim de vida. <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink4\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">4. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink4-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &uarr; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/robbery\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">robbery<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> No Brasil, o roubo &eacute; uma infra&ccedil;&atilde;o criminal grave com penas que variam de 4 a 10 anos de pris&atilde;o e <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/fine\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>fine<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink10-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink10\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>. O crime &eacute; consumado quando a posse &eacute; transferida ilegalmente mediante viol&ecirc;ncia ou amea&ccedil;a grave, mesmo que brevemente. As penas aumentam em circunst&acirc;ncias espec&iacute;ficas como uso de arma, m&uacute;ltiplos infratores ou restri&ccedil;&atilde;o da liberdade da v&iacute;tima. Les&atilde;o corporal grave pode estender a pris&atilde;o para 7-15 anos. Nuances legais distinguem roubo de roubo-homic&iacute;dio, com cada crime tendo inten&ccedil;&atilde;o distinta. O envolvimento de arma de fogo &eacute; cuidadosamente avaliado, requerendo armas funcionais que constranjam genuinamente as v&iacute;timas. O quadro legal considera fatores como viol&ecirc;ncia, amea&ccedil;a e o contexto espec&iacute;fico do <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/theft\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>theft<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink11-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink11\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>. A prosecuta&ccedil;&atilde;o se baseia na interpreta&ccedil;&atilde;o precisa do C&oacute;digo Penal, enfatizando a diferen&ccedil;a entre furto e roubo pelo elemento de confronto direto e amea&ccedil;a. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-bottom-border\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnotes-block\"><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header\">Terms definitions<\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header-border\"><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">1. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/negligencia\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">negligence<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Negligence is a legal and ethical concept characterised by carelessness, inaction and failure to fulfil duties. It involves human conduct that infringes an objective duty of care, potentially causing harm. In medical contexts, examples include abandoning patients, omitting treatment or leaving surgical objects inside a patient. Legally, negligence can result in criminal liability when an individual fails to prevent a harmful outcome despite having the ability to do so. It is considered a culpable form of conduct that stems from indolence, passivity and a lack of necessary reflection. Negligence intersects related concepts such as recklessness, incompetence and sin, demonstrating its complex nature in understanding human responsibility and accountability in various domains. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">2. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/bodily-injury\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">bodily injury<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Bodily injury is physical harm inflicted on a person, defined in Brazilian Penal Law in Article 129. It covers various degrees of damage, from mild to fatal, and can be intentional or unintentional. The law distinguishes between different types of injury, including serious bodily injury involving permanent disability, loss of function or incurable disease. Domestic violence carries aggravated penalties. Perpetrators can be anyone, and the victim is typically another individual. The legal framework considers factors such as intent, provocation and social context when determining penalties. Culpable bodily injury, resulting from recklessness or negligence, is treated separately. The penal code allows for judicial discretion in sentencing, potentially reducing penalties for privileged bodily injury or substituting detention for fines in less serious cases. <\/span><\/div><button class=\"cmtt-footnote-showmore-btn\">Show more<\/button><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink3\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">3. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink3-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/death\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">death<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Death is a complex biological and philosophical phenomenon characterised by the cessation of physiological functions and consciousness. Defined differently across cultures and disciplines, it involves intricate medical, legal and ethical considerations. Traditionally identified by cardiac and respiratory failure, modern definitions increasingly emphasise brain death and neurological criteria. Biological processes after death include cellular decomposition, influenced by environmental factors. Globally, ageing remains the leading cause of death, with infectious diseases predominant in developing countries and chronic conditions prevalent in industrialised nations. Cultural interpretations vary widely, with different societies developing unique rituals and perspectives on mortality. Medical advances have transformed the understanding of death, making it a more controlled and medically managed event, raising ongoing debates about precise definition, determination and implications for organ donation and end-of-life decisions. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink4\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">4. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink4-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/robbery\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">robbery<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> In Brazil, theft is a serious criminal offence with penalties ranging from 4 to 10 years in prison and a fine. The offence is consummated when possession is illegally transferred by means of violence or a serious threat, even if only briefly. Penalties increase in specific circumstances such as the use of a weapon, multiple offenders or restriction of the victim's freedom. Serious bodily injury can extend imprisonment to 7-15 years. Legal nuances distinguish robbery from robbery-homicide, with each offence having distinct intent. The involvement of a firearm is carefully assessed, requiring functional weapons that genuinely embarrass the victims. The legal framework considers factors such as violence, threat and the specific context of the theft. Prosecution is based on a precise interpretation of the Penal Code, emphasising the difference between theft and robbery by the element of direct confrontation and threat. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink5\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">5. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink5-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/imprudencia\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">imprud\u00eancia<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> A imprud\u00eancia \u00e9 um comportamento caracterizado pela falta de cuidado e precipita\u00e7\u00e3o, principalmente associado \u00e0 culpa em contextos jur\u00eddicos. Envolve agir sem precau\u00e7\u00e3o ou considera\u00e7\u00e3o adequada, violando regras de conduta estabelecidas pela experi\u00eancia. Ao contr\u00e1rio do dolo, em que um agente assume intencionalmente um risco, a imprud\u00eancia desenvolve-se simultaneamente com uma a\u00e7\u00e3o e representa um comportamento positivo n\u00e3o intencional. No C\u00f3digo Penal Brasileiro, a imprud\u00eancia \u00e9 um dos tr\u00eas casos que definem crime culposo, juntamente com a incompet\u00eancia e a neglig\u00eancia. Este conceito jur\u00eddico enfatiza a conduta involunt\u00e1ria decorrente de descuido ou temeridade, distinguindo-a de a\u00e7\u00f5es deliberadas. Historicamente documentada em textos como Disputatio juridica de dolo, culpa et casu fortuito, a imprud\u00eancia continua sendo um princ\u00edpio significativo para compreender o dano n\u00e3o intencional e a responsabilidade legal. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink6\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">6. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink6-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/criminal-law-2\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">Criminal law<\/a> ( Lei Penal ) <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> O direito penal brasileiro \u00e9 primariamente regido pelo C\u00f3digo Penal (Decreto-Lei 2848\/40) e opera sob princ\u00edpios de territorialidade, com leis aplicadas dentro das fronteiras nacionais e em circunst\u00e2ncias internacionais espec\u00edficas. A estrutura legal distingue diferentes tipos de leis criminais, incluindo estatutos incriminadores, permissivos e explicativos. Princ\u00edpios-chave incluem a n\u00e3o retroatividade das leis criminais, com exce\u00e7\u00f5es que beneficiam os r\u00e9us. O sistema reconhece diversos cen\u00e1rios jur\u00eddicos como Abolitio Criminis (descriminaliza\u00e7\u00e3o), Novatio Legis in Mellius (melhorias legais que beneficiam os r\u00e9us) e Novatio Legis in Pejus (mudan\u00e7as legais potencialmente desfavor\u00e1veis aos r\u00e9us). As leis criminais s\u00e3o aplicadas com base na teoria da conduta, com predomin\u00e2ncia da jurisdi\u00e7\u00e3o federal. O sistema legal permite a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o extraterritorial da lei brasileira em certas circunst\u00e2ncias e fornece mecanismos para tratar conflitos na legisla\u00e7\u00e3o criminal ao longo do tempo. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink7\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">7. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink7-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/detencao\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">detention<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> In Brazilian law, detention covers both pre-trial detention and correctional detention. Correctional detention follows a trial, with the accused retaining their legal rights. According to Article 33 of the Penal Code, convicted individuals serve sentences in semi-open or open regimes, as distinguished from incarceration. The open regime involves serving the sentence in a transition house, while the semi-open regime takes place in agricultural or industrial colonies. This approach emphasises rehabilitation and the gradual reintegration of offenders into society, offering more flexible conditions compared to closed regime imprisonment. The legal framework provides a nuanced approach to the management of criminal sentences, focusing on progressive levels of freedom and potential rehabilitation. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink8\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">8. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink8-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/damage\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">damage<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Damage is a legal concept originating from the Latin word \"damnum\", referring to the harm caused to legally protected goods or interests. It covers material, moral, economic, psychological and reputational impacts resulting from civil or criminal acts. Modern legal interpretation has expanded beyond traditional naturalistic perspectives, seeking more comprehensive compensation for various forms of damage. Valuation involves quantifying losses through repair costs, market value, expert testimony and financial projections. Legal measures include monetary compensation, restitution, injunctions, punitive damages and rehabilitation measures. The evolving framework aims to address complex damage scenarios, recognising tangible and intangible consequences, balancing the need for fair and comprehensive resolution of damages. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink9\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">9. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink9-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/law\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">law<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> The law has evolved through complex historical stages, from ancient Egyptian and Sumerian codes to sophisticated Roman legal systems. Ancient civilisations developed organised legal structures, with significant innovations emerging in Greece and Rome. Roman law, strongly influenced by Greek philosophy, was systematically codified and subsequently rediscovered in the 11th century, forming the basis for continental European legal systems. During the Middle Ages, custom and case law replaced rigid Roman codes, with the English royal courts developing common law precedents. Modern legal systems emerged with influential codifications such as the Napoleonic and German civil codes, demonstrating increasing standardisation. Throughout history, law has been closely connected to the development of civilisation, continually adapting to changing social contexts and reflecting national identities through philosophical, cultural and professional influences. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink10\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">10. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink10-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/fine\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">fine<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> A fine is a pecuniary penalty imposed for violations or infractions, serving as an administrative, criminal or civil sanction. Typically determined by law, fines aim to discourage unlawful behaviour and provide restitution. They can be imposed by government agencies, courts or professional institutions, with amounts calculated based on the seriousness of the offence, potentially taking into account factors such as recidivism and ability to pay. Fines must be paid within a specified timeframe, and failure to comply can result in additional penalties, wage garnishment or asset seizure. Individuals or entities can contest fines through appeal processes, challenging decisions based on procedural errors or disproportionate amounts. Successful appeals can reduce or eliminate the penalty, with disputes potentially heard in administrative or judicial courts. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink11\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">11. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink11-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/theft\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">theft<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Larceny is a crime involving the unlawful taking of someone else's movable property without violence. Defined in the Brazilian and Portuguese Penal Codes, it differs from theft in that it does not involve a threat. The legal concept recognises various elements, including active and passive subjects of the crime. Historically rooted in social norms, theft has been addressed in religious and legal frameworks since ancient civilisations. The principle of insignificance allows for judicial discretion in trivial cases, considering factors such as minimal offence and low social harm. Empirical research reveals systemic biases in theft prosecutions, with the majority of cases involving low-value goods (0-200 reais) and disproportionately affecting young, unemployed, low-income and non-white people. Legal interpretation varies between property and economic offences, highlighting complexities in the application of criminal justice and potential socio-economic discrimination. <\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-bottom-border\"><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"glossary-categories":[],"glossary-tags":[],"glossary-languages":[],"class_list":["post-1457","glossary","type-glossary","status-publish","hentry"],"post_title":"Crime preterintencional","post_content":"Crimes preterintencionais envolvem consequ\u00eancias n\u00e3o intencionais al\u00e9m da inten\u00e7\u00e3o inicial do perpetrador, caracterizados por uma mistura de inten\u00e7\u00e3o e neglig\u00eancia. Estes crimes ocorrem quando um indiv\u00edduo visa cometer uma infra\u00e7\u00e3o menor, mas inadvertidamente causa um resultado mais grave, como les\u00e3o corporal resultando em morte. O Artigo 19 do C\u00f3digo Penal Brasileiro define estes crimes como qualificados por seu resultado. A senten\u00e7a considera a conduta dolosa original, com o resultado culposo n\u00e3o intencional servindo como fator agravante. Exemplos incluem roubo que leva \u00e0 morte ou les\u00e3o corporal intencional causando fatalidade n\u00e3o intencional. O conceito legal se aplica em v\u00e1rias jurisdi\u00e7\u00f5es, examinando a rela\u00e7\u00e3o nuan\u00e7ada entre a inten\u00e7\u00e3o inicial de um agente e a consequ\u00eancia subsequente mais s\u00e9ria. Fontes acad\u00e9micas e jur\u00eddicas como Netto & Fiorini e Mirabete & Fabbrini fornecem uma an\u00e1lise abrangente deste fen\u00f3meno criminal complexo.","acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/1457"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/glossary"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/1457\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1457"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"glossary-categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-categories?post=1457"},{"taxonomy":"glossary-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-tags?post=1457"},{"taxonomy":"glossary-languages","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-languages?post=1457"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}