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{"id":1439,"date":"2024-12-05T20:38:45","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T21:38:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/glossary\/crime-de-fato-permanente\/"},"modified":"2024-12-05T20:38:45","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T21:38:45","slug":"crime-de-fato-permanente","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/permanent-crime\/","title":{"rendered":"Permanent crime"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Crimes in progress are criminal acts characterised by an indeterminate duration and the absence of a defined end point, often involving continuous or repetitive illegal behaviour. These offences can include kidnapping, <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/embezzlement\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>embezzlement<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>The same can be said of stalking, environmental crimes and domestic violence. Unlike completed offences, crimes in progress present unique legal challenges, such as complex evidence gathering, prosecution across jurisdictions and determining precise time intervals. Limitation periods can differ, and the courts often consider the <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/damage\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>damage<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink3-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink3\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> caused by prolonged criminal behaviour. Law enforcement authorities face significant obstacles in investigating these crimes, which can involve hidden or persistent illicit activities. Perpetrators can be charged for each instance of behaviour <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/criminal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">criminal<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>and the sentence can reflect the seriousness and duration of the offence. Victims of ongoing offences often experience complex legal and practical challenges throughout the investigative and judicial processes.<\/p>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnotes-block\"><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header\">Terms definitions<\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header-border\"><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">1. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/criminal\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">criminal<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Criminals are individuals who violate legal norms by committing offences without justification. Their actions can range from impulsive offences motivated by emotional triggers to calculated and professional criminal activities. The classification of criminals includes impulsive offenders who act out of sudden emotion, occasional criminals who respond to specific circumstances and habitual criminals who systematically engage in criminal behaviour. Legal systems usually address criminal actions through due process, imposing sanctions such as imprisonment, fines or restrictions on rights. Punishments serve two purposes: corrective rehabilitation and deterrence. Factors that contribute to criminal behaviour include emotional instability, environmental influences and potential mental health challenges. The criminal justice approach varies depending on the type and severity of the offence, with interventions designed to prevent future criminal activity and protect society. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">2. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/embezzlement\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">embezzlement<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Embezzlement is a financial crime involving the misappropriation of funds or property by someone entrusted with their safekeeping, typically a public official. In Brazil, it is legally defined in article 312 of the Penal Code and covers various types: appropriation, embezzlement, theft and culpable embezzlement. The crime occurs when a civil servant illegally uses or redirects money, valuables or movable property for their own benefit or that of others, taking advantage of their official position. Penalties range from two to twelve years in prison for intentional cases and from three months to one year for culpable cases. Although it is primarily committed by public officials, private individuals can be involved as accomplices. The state is considered the passive subject of the crime, which is classified as a material and functional offence against the public administration. <\/span><\/div><button class=\"cmtt-footnote-showmore-btn\">Show more<\/button><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink3\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">3. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink3-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/damage\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">damage<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Damage is a legal concept originating from the Latin word \"damnum\", referring to the harm caused to legally protected goods or interests. It covers material, moral, economic, psychological and reputational impacts resulting from civil or criminal acts. Modern legal interpretation has expanded beyond traditional naturalistic perspectives, seeking more comprehensive compensation for various forms of damage. Valuation involves quantifying losses through repair costs, market value, expert testimony and financial projections. Legal measures include monetary compensation, restitution, injunctions, punitive damages and rehabilitation measures. The evolving framework aims to address complex damage scenarios, recognising tangible and intangible consequences, balancing the need for fair and comprehensive resolution of damages. <\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-bottom-border\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Crimes em curso s&atilde;o atos criminosos caracterizados por uma dura&ccedil;&atilde;o indeterminada e aus&ecirc;ncia de um ponto final definido, envolvendo frequentemente comportamento ilegal cont&iacute;nuo ou repetitivo. Estes crimes podem incluir sequestro, peculato, persegui&ccedil;&atilde;o, crimes ambientais e viol&ecirc;ncia dom&eacute;stica. Ao contr&aacute;rio dos crimes consumados, os crimes em curso apresentam desafios jur&iacute;dicos &uacute;nicos, como recolha de provas complexa, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnotes-block\">\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header\">Terms definitions<\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header-border\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">1. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &uarr; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/criminal\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">criminal<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Criminosos s&atilde;o indiv&iacute;duos que violam normas legais ao cometer infra&ccedil;&otilde;es sem justifica&ccedil;&atilde;o. As suas a&ccedil;&otilde;es podem variar de crimes impulsivos motivados por gatilhos emocionais a atividades criminosas calculadas e profissionais. A classifica&ccedil;&atilde;o de criminosos inclui infratores impulsivos que agem por emo&ccedil;&atilde;o s&uacute;bita, criminosos ocasionais que respondem a circunst&acirc;ncias espec&iacute;ficas e criminosos habituais que sistematicamente se envolvem em comportamento criminoso. Os sistemas jur&iacute;dicos normalmente abordam a&ccedil;&otilde;es criminosas atrav&eacute;s do devido processo, impondo san&ccedil;&otilde;es como pris&atilde;o, multas ou restri&ccedil;&otilde;es de direitos. As puni&ccedil;&otilde;es servem a dois prop&oacute;sitos: reabilita&ccedil;&atilde;o corretiva e dissuas&atilde;o. Fatores que contribuem para o comportamento criminoso incluem instabilidade emocional, influ&ecirc;ncias ambientais e potenciais desafios de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/saude-mental\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mental health<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink5-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink5\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>. A abordagem da <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/justice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">justice<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink6-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink6\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> criminal varia consoante o tipo e a gravidade da infra&ccedil;&atilde;o, com interven&ccedil;&otilde;es destinadas a prevenir futuras atividades criminosas e proteger a <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/society\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">society<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink7-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink7\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>. <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">2. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &uarr; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/embezzlement\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">embezzlement<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Embezzlement is a financial crime involving the misappropriation of funds or property by someone entrusted with their safekeeping, typically a public official. In Brazil, it is legally defined in article 312 of the Penal Code and encompasses several types: appropriation, embezzlement, <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/theft\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>theft<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink9-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink9\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> and culpable embezzlement. The offence occurs when a public official illegally uses or redirects money, valuables or movable property for their own benefit or that of others, taking advantage of their official position. The penalties range from two to twelve years in prison. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/reclusao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">seclusion<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink8-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink8\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> for intentional cases and from three months to one year for culpable cases. Although it is primarily committed by public officials, private individuals can be involved as accomplices. O <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/state\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>State<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink10-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink10\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> is considered the passive subject of the offence, which is classified as a <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/offence\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>offence<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink11-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink11\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> material and functional <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/administracao-publica\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">public administration<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink4-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink4\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>. <\/span><\/div>\n<p><button class=\"cmtt-footnote-showmore-btn\">Show more<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink3\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">3. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink3-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &uarr; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/damage\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">damage<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Dano &eacute; um conceito jur&iacute;dico origin&aacute;rio da palavra latina &ldquo;damnum&rdquo;, referindo-se ao preju&iacute;zo causado a bens ou interesses juridicamente protegidos. Abrange impactos materiais, morais, econ&oacute;micos, psicol&oacute;gicos e reputacionais decorrentes de atos civis ou criminais. A interpreta&ccedil;&atilde;o jur&iacute;dica moderna expandiu-se al&eacute;m das perspetivas naturalistas tradicionais, procurando uma compensa&ccedil;&atilde;o mais abrangente para diversas formas de preju&iacute;zo. A avalia&ccedil;&atilde;o envolve a quantifica&ccedil;&atilde;o de perdas atrav&eacute;s de custos de repara&ccedil;&atilde;o, valor de mercado, testemunho de peritos e proje&ccedil;&otilde;es financeiras. As medidas legais incluem compensa&ccedil;&atilde;o monet&aacute;ria, restitui&ccedil;&atilde;o, injun&ccedil;&otilde;es, danos punitivos e medidas de reabilita&ccedil;&atilde;o. A estrutura em evolu&ccedil;&atilde;o visa abordar cen&aacute;rios complexos de dano, reconhecendo consequ&ecirc;ncias tang&iacute;veis e intang&iacute;veis, equilibrando a necessidade de resolu&ccedil;&atilde;o justa e abrangente dos danos. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-bottom-border\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnotes-block\"><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header\">Terms definitions<\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header-border\"><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">1. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/criminal\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">criminal<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Criminals are individuals who violate legal norms by committing offences without justification. Their actions can range from impulsive offences motivated by emotional triggers to calculated and professional criminal activities. The classification of criminals includes impulsive offenders who act out of sudden emotion, occasional criminals who respond to specific circumstances and habitual criminals who systematically engage in criminal behaviour. Legal systems usually address criminal actions through due process, imposing sanctions such as imprisonment, fines or restrictions on rights. Punishments serve two purposes: corrective rehabilitation and deterrence. Factors that contribute to criminal behaviour include emotional instability, environmental influences and potential mental health challenges. The criminal justice approach varies depending on the type and severity of the offence, with interventions designed to prevent future criminal activity and protect society. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">2. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/embezzlement\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">embezzlement<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Embezzlement is a financial crime involving the misappropriation of funds or property by someone entrusted with their safekeeping, typically a public official. In Brazil, it is legally defined in article 312 of the Penal Code and covers various types: appropriation, embezzlement, theft and culpable embezzlement. The crime occurs when a civil servant illegally uses or redirects money, valuables or movable property for their own benefit or that of others, taking advantage of their official position. Penalties range from two to twelve years in prison for intentional cases and from three months to one year for culpable cases. Although it is primarily committed by public officials, private individuals can be involved as accomplices. The state is considered the passive subject of the crime, which is classified as a material and functional offence against the public administration. <\/span><\/div><button class=\"cmtt-footnote-showmore-btn\">Show more<\/button><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink3\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">3. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink3-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/damage\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">damage<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Damage is a legal concept originating from the Latin word \"damnum\", referring to the harm caused to legally protected goods or interests. It covers material, moral, economic, psychological and reputational impacts resulting from civil or criminal acts. Modern legal interpretation has expanded beyond traditional naturalistic perspectives, seeking more comprehensive compensation for various forms of damage. Valuation involves quantifying losses through repair costs, market value, expert testimony and financial projections. Legal measures include monetary compensation, restitution, injunctions, punitive damages and rehabilitation measures. The evolving framework aims to address complex damage scenarios, recognising tangible and intangible consequences, balancing the need for fair and comprehensive resolution of damages. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink4\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">4. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink4-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/administracao-publica\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">public administration<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Public administration is the management of the state through legislative, regulatory and service-orientated agencies. Originating in the late 18th century in France, it has evolved through various models in Europe and globally, including Nordic, Anglo-Saxon, Rhenish\/Continental and Mediterranean approaches. Each model varies in the status of civil servants, political interference and employment systems. In Brazil, public administration has progressed through three distinct phases: patrimonial, bureaucratic and managerial, moving from nepotism towards efficiency and professionalisation. Key components include tax administration, regulatory agencies and direct and indirect administrative structures. These systems are responsible for implementing public policies, regulating economic activities and providing essential services. Regulatory agencies play a crucial role in overseeing public service concessions and permits, ensuring accountability and effectiveness in governance, while maintaining a balance between state control and operational autonomy. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink5\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">5. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink5-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/saude-mental\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">mental health<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Mental health encompasses cognitive and emotional well-being, focussing on the individual's ability to enjoy life and manage stress. Historically, psychiatric approaches have evolved from isolation and segregation to community integration, particularly in Brazil. The Psychiatric Reform Movement in the 1970s challenged traditional biomedical models, advocating more holistic mental health care. Specialised centres such as CAPS (Psychosocial Care Centres) were established to provide comprehensive support for children, adolescents and adults. Key legislative milestones include Law 10.216 of 2001, which regulated mental health care and prioritised community-based treatment over hospitalisation. Challenges remain, including a shortage of services, insufficient supervision and fragmented care networks. Family support and university mental health initiatives are increasingly recognised as critical factors in the treatment of depression, anxiety and other psychological disorders. Ongoing efforts aim to improve mental health services, emphasising prevention, community integration and personalised care approaches. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink6\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">6. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink6-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/justice\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">justice<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Justice is a complex philosophical and social concept that has been examined through various lenses in different historical periods. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Aristotle explored its subjective and corrective dimensions, while medieval thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas connected justice to divine will. Modern theorists such as Rawls, Sen and Dworkin offer diverse perspectives on fairness, equality and social organisation. Key approaches include utilitarian views that emphasise collective happiness, libertarian perspectives that prioritise individual rights and capability-based frameworks that focus on human potential. Academics debate the fundamental principles of justice, examining the distribution of resources, opportunities and social goods. Symbolically represented by scales, a sword and blindfolded figures, justice embodies impartiality, balance and rational decision-making. Contemporary discourse continues to explore how justice can be achieved through legal, economic and philosophical mechanisms, recognising its dynamic and multifaceted nature. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink7\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">7. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink7-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/society\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">society<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> A society is a group of individuals interacting to achieve common goals, sharing a fundamental principle of bonding. Characterised by networks of interconnected relationships, societies can be institutionalised or non-institutionalised, ranging from bands and tribes to complex state structures. Communities serve as intermediary groups between individuals and wider societal structures, encompassing family, professional and social networks. Anthropological perspectives emphasise the organisation of societies based on subsistence, technology and communication, challenging previous hierarchical notions. Social norms and institutions play crucial roles in maintaining group cohesion, with mechanisms such as generosity, status recognition and shared rituals. The evolution of societies reflects changing dynamics of cooperation, specialisation and adaptation, demonstrating how human groups organise themselves to survive and thrive in different cultural and environmental contexts. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink8\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">8. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink8-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/reclusao\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">seclusion<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Solitary confinement is a legal practice involving the deprivation of individual liberty through custodial measures. It can be imposed by the state or voluntarily carried out for religious, social or personal reasons. In the criminal justice system, solitary confinement varies according to jurisdiction, with different regimes including closed, semi-open and open systems. Grounds for isolation include arrests, pre-trial measures and court sentences. The process can be triggered by various legal mechanisms such as warrants and flagrant offences. Psychologically, isolation can significantly impact mental health, with potential long-term challenges in social reintegration. The legal implications are complex, governed by specific jurisdictional laws that define the conditions, duration and rights of isolated individuals. The practice balances punitive measures with human rights and rehabilitation considerations. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink9\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">9. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink9-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/theft\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">theft<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Larceny is a crime involving the unlawful taking of someone else's movable property without violence. Defined in the Brazilian and Portuguese Penal Codes, it differs from theft in that it does not involve a threat. The legal concept recognises various elements, including active and passive subjects of the crime. Historically rooted in social norms, theft has been addressed in religious and legal frameworks since ancient civilisations. The principle of insignificance allows for judicial discretion in trivial cases, considering factors such as minimal offence and low social harm. Empirical research reveals systemic biases in theft prosecutions, with the majority of cases involving low-value goods (0-200 reais) and disproportionately affecting young, unemployed, low-income and non-white people. Legal interpretation varies between property and economic offences, highlighting complexities in the application of criminal justice and potential socio-economic discrimination. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink10\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">10. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink10-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/state\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">State<\/a> ( State ) <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> A state is a sovereign entity with defined territorial limits, a population and autonomous governance. Originating from the Latin word \"status\", it emerged from the decline of feudalism and was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia of 1648. States exercise sovereign authority through institutions that make and enforce laws, manage economic affairs and provide public services. They can be structured as unitary or federal systems, monarchies or republics, each with distinct organisational characteristics. The main functions include maintaining security, collecting taxes, providing public goods and representing national interests internationally. The concept of the state has been significantly influenced by political philosophers such as Hobbes and Locke and shaped by historical events such as the French Revolution. Its evolution continues in response to global challenges and changing socio-political dynamics. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink11\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">11. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink11-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/offence\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">offence<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> An offence is an action considered wrong or unacceptable, ranging from legal violations to transgressions of social norms. It can be intentional or unintentional, causing harm, insult or outrage. Offences are categorised as criminal, moral, social and personal, each with different consequences. Criminal offences can result in legal penalties, while social offences can lead to reputational damage or exclusion. Prevention involves education, clear communication and setting standards of behaviour. Defensive actions, retaliation and forgiveness are common responses to offences. The impact of an offence depends on its severity and context, and can affect relationships, trust and emotional well-being. Understanding and mitigating offensive behaviour requires awareness of social expectations, personal boundaries and interpersonal dynamics. <\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-bottom-border\"><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"glossary-categories":[],"glossary-tags":[],"glossary-languages":[],"class_list":["post-1439","glossary","type-glossary","status-publish","hentry"],"post_title":"Crime de fato permanente","post_content":"Crimes em curso s\u00e3o atos criminosos caracterizados por uma dura\u00e7\u00e3o indeterminada e aus\u00eancia de um ponto final definido, envolvendo frequentemente comportamento ilegal cont\u00ednuo ou repetitivo. Estes crimes podem incluir sequestro, peculato, persegui\u00e7\u00e3o, crimes ambientais e viol\u00eancia dom\u00e9stica. Ao contr\u00e1rio dos crimes consumados, os crimes em curso apresentam desafios jur\u00eddicos \u00fanicos, como recolha de provas complexa, acusa\u00e7\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s de jurisdi\u00e7\u00f5es e determina\u00e7\u00e3o de intervalos de tempo precisos. Os prazos de prescri\u00e7\u00e3o podem diferir, e os tribunais consideram frequentemente o dano cumulativo causado por conduta criminal prolongada. As autoridades policiais enfrentam obst\u00e1culos significativos na investiga\u00e7\u00e3o destes crimes, que podem envolver atividades il\u00edcitas ocultas ou persistentes. Os perpetradores podem ser acusados por cada inst\u00e2ncia de comportamento criminoso, e a senten\u00e7a pode refletir a gravidade e a dura\u00e7\u00e3o da infra\u00e7\u00e3o. As v\u00edtimas de crimes em curso frequentemente experimentam desafios jur\u00eddicos e pr\u00e1ticos complexos ao longo dos processos investigativos e judiciais.","acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/1439"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/glossary"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/1439\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"glossary-categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-categories?post=1439"},{"taxonomy":"glossary-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-tags?post=1439"},{"taxonomy":"glossary-languages","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-languages?post=1439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}