{"id":1291,"date":"2024-12-05T20:38:42","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T21:38:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/glossary\/primeira-guerra-mundial\/"},"modified":"2024-12-05T20:38:42","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T21:38:42","slug":"primeira-guerra-mundial","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/primeira-guerra-mundial\/","title":{"rendered":"World War I"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A Primeira Guerra Mundial foi um conflito global de 1914 a 1918, envolvendo mais de 70 milh&otilde;es de efetivos militares e resultando em mais de 9 milh&otilde;es de mortes militares. A guerra emergiu de tens&otilde;es europeias complexas, incluindo imperialismo, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/nacionalismo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nacionalismo<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> e uma rede de alian&ccedil;as. Op&ocirc;s principalmente os Aliados (incluindo Reino Unido, Fran&ccedil;a, R&uacute;ssia e EUA) contra as Pot&ecirc;ncias Centrais (Alemanha, &Aacute;ustria-Hungria, Imp&eacute;rio Otomano e Bulg&aacute;ria). O conflito foi caracterizado pela guerra de trincheiras, particularmente na Frente Ocidental, e levou a significativas mudan&ccedil;as geopol&iacute;ticas. O assassinato do Arquiduque Franz Ferdinand desencadeou a guerra, que ultimately provocou o colapso de quatro grandes imp&eacute;rios. Suas consequ&ecirc;ncias devastadoras inclu&iacute;ram perdas humanas massivas, destrui&ccedil;&atilde;o econ&oacute;mica e o surgimento de novas ideologias pol&iacute;ticas. O rescaldo da guerra preparou o terreno para futuros conflitos globais, remodelando fundamentalmente a paisagem <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/politics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">politics<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> internacional.<\/p>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnotes-block\"><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header\">Terms definitions<\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header-border\"><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">1. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/nacionalismo\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">nacionalismo<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> O nacionalismo \u00e9 um movimento pol\u00edtico complexo focado em promover e defender interesses nacionais atrav\u00e9s de caracter\u00edsticas culturais, \u00e9tnicas, lingu\u00edsticas e hist\u00f3ricas compartilhadas. Ele enfatiza a soberania nacional, autodetermina\u00e7\u00e3o e unidade, com diferentes perspetivas te\u00f3ricas, incluindo abordagens primordialistas, etno-simb\u00f3licas e de moderniza\u00e7\u00e3o. O nacionalismo manifesta-se em diferentes formas, como nacionalismo \u00e9tnico e c\u00edvico, e pode estar associado a diversas ideologias pol\u00edticas. Embora possa fomentar orgulho cultural e identidade coletiva, o nacionalismo tamb\u00e9m tem sido associado a resultados negativos como a supress\u00e3o de minorias, promo\u00e7\u00e3o de divis\u00f5es e possibilita\u00e7\u00e3o de ideologias extremas. Historicamente significativo em movimentos anticoloniais e na constru\u00e7\u00e3o de na\u00e7\u00f5es, o nacionalismo continua a moldar paisagens pol\u00edticas globalmente. As suas implica\u00e7\u00f5es filos\u00f3ficas permanecem complexas, com debates cont\u00ednuos sobre o seu valor moral, rela\u00e7\u00e3o com o patriotismo e compatibilidade com perspetivas cosmopolitas mais amplas. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">2. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/politics\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">politics<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Politics is a multifaceted field that explores governance, power dynamics and social organisation. Originating from the ancient Greek term \"politeia\", it examines the structures and processes of state management. Political power is characterised by its ability to influence social outcomes through mechanisms of legitimacy, centralisation and coercion. Various political systems, from democracies to monarchies, operate through complex institutions such as legislatures, executives and judiciaries. Different ideological perspectives - including liberalism, conservatism and socialism - shape the understanding of state functions, individual rights and social relations. International politics further expands this domain, analysing global interactions, diplomatic relations and transnational governance. Theories of political change, power distribution and institutional structures provide critical insights into how societies organise, govern and transform themselves through political processes and philosophical debates. <\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-bottom-border\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Primeira Guerra Mundial foi um conflito global de 1914 a 1918, envolvendo mais de 70 milh&otilde;es de efetivos militares e resultando em mais de 9 milh&otilde;es de mortes militares. A guerra emergiu de tens&otilde;es europeias complexas, incluindo imperialismo, nacionalismo e uma rede de alian&ccedil;as. Op&ocirc;s principalmente os Aliados (incluindo Reino Unido, Fran&ccedil;a, R&uacute;ssia e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnotes-block\">\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header\">Terms definitions<\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header-border\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">1. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &uarr; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/nacionalismo\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">nacionalismo<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> O nacionalismo &eacute; um movimento pol&iacute;tico complexo focado em promover e defender interesses nacionais atrav&eacute;s de caracter&iacute;sticas culturais, &eacute;tnicas, lingu&iacute;sticas e hist&oacute;ricas compartilhadas. Ele enfatiza a soberania nacional, autodetermina&ccedil;&atilde;o e unidade, com diferentes perspetivas te&oacute;ricas, incluindo abordagens primordialistas, etno-simb&oacute;licas e de moderniza&ccedil;&atilde;o. O nacionalismo manifesta-se em diferentes formas, como nacionalismo &eacute;tnico e c&iacute;vico, e pode estar associado a diversas ideologias pol&iacute;ticas. Embora possa fomentar orgulho cultural e identidade coletiva, o nacionalismo tamb&eacute;m tem sido associado a resultados negativos como a supress&atilde;o de minorias, promo&ccedil;&atilde;o de divis&otilde;es e possibilita&ccedil;&atilde;o de ideologias extremas. Historicamente significativo em movimentos anticoloniais e na constru&ccedil;&atilde;o de na&ccedil;&otilde;es, o nacionalismo continua a moldar paisagens pol&iacute;ticas globalmente. As suas implica&ccedil;&otilde;es filos&oacute;ficas permanecem complexas, com debates cont&iacute;nuos sobre o seu valor <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/moral\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>moral<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink4-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink4\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>, rela&ccedil;&atilde;o com o patriotismo e compatibilidade com perspetivas cosmopolitas mais amplas. <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">2. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &uarr; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/politics\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">politics<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Politics is a multifaceted field that explores governance, power dynamics and social organisation. Originating from the term <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/ancient-greek\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">ancient greek<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink3-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink3\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> \"politeia\" examines the structures and processes of state management. Political power is characterised by its ability to influence social outcomes through mechanisms of legitimacy, centralisation and coercion. Various political systems, from democracies to monarchies, operate through complex institutions such as legislatures, executives and judiciaries. Different ideological perspectives - including liberalism, conservatism and socialism - shape the understanding of the functions of the judiciary. <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/state\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>state<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink5-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink5\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>, individual rights and social relations. International politics further expands this domain, analysing global interactions, diplomatic relations and transnational governance. Theories of political change, power distribution and institutional structures provide critical insights into how societies organise, govern and transform themselves through political processes and philosophical debates. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-bottom-border\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnotes-block\"><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header\">Terms definitions<\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header-border\"><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">1. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/nacionalismo\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">nacionalismo<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> O nacionalismo \u00e9 um movimento pol\u00edtico complexo focado em promover e defender interesses nacionais atrav\u00e9s de caracter\u00edsticas culturais, \u00e9tnicas, lingu\u00edsticas e hist\u00f3ricas compartilhadas. Ele enfatiza a soberania nacional, autodetermina\u00e7\u00e3o e unidade, com diferentes perspetivas te\u00f3ricas, incluindo abordagens primordialistas, etno-simb\u00f3licas e de moderniza\u00e7\u00e3o. O nacionalismo manifesta-se em diferentes formas, como nacionalismo \u00e9tnico e c\u00edvico, e pode estar associado a diversas ideologias pol\u00edticas. Embora possa fomentar orgulho cultural e identidade coletiva, o nacionalismo tamb\u00e9m tem sido associado a resultados negativos como a supress\u00e3o de minorias, promo\u00e7\u00e3o de divis\u00f5es e possibilita\u00e7\u00e3o de ideologias extremas. Historicamente significativo em movimentos anticoloniais e na constru\u00e7\u00e3o de na\u00e7\u00f5es, o nacionalismo continua a moldar paisagens pol\u00edticas globalmente. As suas implica\u00e7\u00f5es filos\u00f3ficas permanecem complexas, com debates cont\u00ednuos sobre o seu valor moral, rela\u00e7\u00e3o com o patriotismo e compatibilidade com perspetivas cosmopolitas mais amplas. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">2. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/politics\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">politics<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Politics is a multifaceted field that explores governance, power dynamics and social organisation. Originating from the ancient Greek term \"politeia\", it examines the structures and processes of state management. Political power is characterised by its ability to influence social outcomes through mechanisms of legitimacy, centralisation and coercion. Various political systems, from democracies to monarchies, operate through complex institutions such as legislatures, executives and judiciaries. Different ideological perspectives - including liberalism, conservatism and socialism - shape the understanding of state functions, individual rights and social relations. International politics further expands this domain, analysing global interactions, diplomatic relations and transnational governance. Theories of political change, power distribution and institutional structures provide critical insights into how societies organise, govern and transform themselves through political processes and philosophical debates. <\/span><\/div><button class=\"cmtt-footnote-showmore-btn\">Show more<\/button><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink3\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">3. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink3-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/ancient-greek\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">ancient greek<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Ancient Greek was a significant language in European education from the Renaissance to the early 20th century, particularly valued in American universities and academic circles. Studied widely in schools and universities across Europe, it has remained an important academic subject. Although modern authors rarely write in Ancient Greek, some translations and academic works continue to use the language. In Greece, Ancient Greek is a compulsory subject in secondary schools, with international competitions promoting its study. Globally, approximately 15,000 students in Germany and 280,000 in Italy studied the language in the mid-2000s. Numerous academic resources, including textbooks, dictionaries and linguistic studies, support its continued academic relevance. Online platforms and digital resources have additionally facilitated the study and preservation of Ancient Greek, ensuring its continued academic and cultural significance. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink4\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">4. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink4-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/moral\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">moral<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Morality refers to distinguishing proper from improper actions and originates from the Latin word \"moralis\". It encompasses individual conscience, societal values and behavioural norms. Moral principles transcend legal rules, representing autonomous and non-coercive guidelines rooted in human empathy and historical experiences. Unlike the law, moral standards are more comprehensive and shaped by social sentiment. Biological research suggests that moral capacities exist not only in humans, but also in primates, demonstrating evolutionary foundations of empathy and reciprocity. Religious and cultural contexts significantly influence moral structures, with different traditions emphasising different ethical principles. Literature and social interactions propagate moral lessons, presenting exemplary models of behaviour. Fundamentally, morality serves as a complex system of social control, guiding individual conduct through internalised values and a collective understanding of right and wrong. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink5\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">5. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink5-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/state\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">state<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> A state is a sovereign entity with defined territorial limits, a population and autonomous governance. Originating from the Latin word \"status\", it emerged from the decline of feudalism and was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia of 1648. States exercise sovereign authority through institutions that make and enforce laws, manage economic affairs and provide public services. They can be structured as unitary or federal systems, monarchies or republics, each with distinct organisational characteristics. The main functions include maintaining security, collecting taxes, providing public goods and representing national interests internationally. The concept of the state has been significantly influenced by political philosophers such as Hobbes and Locke and shaped by historical events such as the French Revolution. Its evolution continues in response to global challenges and changing socio-political dynamics. <\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-bottom-border\"><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"glossary-categories":[],"glossary-tags":[],"glossary-languages":[],"class_list":["post-1291","glossary","type-glossary","status-publish","hentry"],"post_title":"Primeira Guerra Mundial","post_content":"A Primeira Guerra Mundial foi um conflito global de 1914 a 1918, envolvendo mais de 70 milh\u00f5es de efetivos militares e resultando em mais de 9 milh\u00f5es de mortes militares. A guerra emergiu de tens\u00f5es europeias complexas, incluindo imperialismo, nacionalismo e uma rede de alian\u00e7as. Op\u00f4s principalmente os Aliados (incluindo Reino Unido, Fran\u00e7a, R\u00fassia e EUA) contra as Pot\u00eancias Centrais (Alemanha, \u00c1ustria-Hungria, Imp\u00e9rio Otomano e Bulg\u00e1ria). O conflito foi caracterizado pela guerra de trincheiras, particularmente na Frente Ocidental, e levou a significativas mudan\u00e7as geopol\u00edticas. O assassinato do Arquiduque Franz Ferdinand desencadeou a guerra, que ultimately provocou o colapso de quatro grandes imp\u00e9rios. Suas consequ\u00eancias devastadoras inclu\u00edram perdas humanas massivas, destrui\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f3mica e o surgimento de novas ideologias pol\u00edticas. O rescaldo da guerra preparou o terreno para futuros conflitos globais, remodelando fundamentalmente a paisagem pol\u00edtica internacional.","acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/1291"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/glossary"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/1291\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1291"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"glossary-categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-categories?post=1291"},{"taxonomy":"glossary-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-tags?post=1291"},{"taxonomy":"glossary-languages","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-languages?post=1291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}