{"id":1210,"date":"2024-12-05T20:38:41","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T21:38:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/glossary\/oralidade\/"},"modified":"2024-12-05T20:38:41","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T21:38:41","slug":"oralidade","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/oralidade\/","title":{"rendered":"Orality"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A oralidade &eacute; o uso da <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/language\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">language<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> natural atrav&eacute;s do som e <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/communication\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">communication<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> corporal, historicamente crucial antes da escrita. Abrange a fala, gestos e express&otilde;es, com culturas orais dependendo da transmiss&atilde;o por mem&oacute;ria. Linguistas classificam a oralidade em prim&aacute;ria (n&atilde;o influenciada pela escrita) e secund&aacute;ria (baseada na <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/culture\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>culture<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink4-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink4\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> eletr&oacute;nica). As modalidades de comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o s&atilde;o vistas como pr&aacute;ticas sociais interconectadas em vez de sistemas opostos. A oralidade desempenha pap&eacute;is significativos atrav&eacute;s de per&iacute;odos hist&oacute;ricos, desde a <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/retorica\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">ret&oacute;rica<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink3-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink3\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> grega antiga at&eacute; ambientes acad&eacute;micos modernos. V&aacute;rias perturba&ccedil;&otilde;es da fala como gaguez, disartria e afasia podem impactar a comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o oral. Acad&eacute;micos como Marcuschi argumentam que a linguagem oral e escrita existem num cont&iacute;nuo, com o contexto e prop&oacute;sito determinando o estilo de comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o, desafiando cren&ccedil;as pr&eacute;vias sobre a superioridade cognitiva da escrita. Ambos os modos permitem a produ&ccedil;&atilde;o de <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/text\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>text<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink5-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink5\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> coerente e coesivo, coexistindo como ferramentas lingu&iacute;sticas din&acirc;micas.<\/p>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnotes-block\"><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header\">Terms definitions<\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header-border\"><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">1. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/communication\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">communication<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Communication is a complex process of exchanging information through signs, symbols and technological channels. Evolving from oral and written forms to digital platforms, it encompasses various modes, including verbal, non-verbal and mediated communication. Emerging at the beginning of the 20th century, communication theory explores the structure and social meaning of human interaction in different contexts, such as interpersonal, organisational and intercultural domains. Semiotics plays a crucial role in understanding how thoughts and feelings are transformed into comprehensible signs. Technological advances, particularly computers and social networks, continue to reshape communication processes, moving from traditional mass media to collaborative networks. The field draws insights from humanistic disciplines such as philosophy, sociology and psychology, examining communication as a dynamic social phenomenon that reflects human connectivity and the exchange of information. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">2. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/language\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">language<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> A linguagem \u00e9 um sistema complexo de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o que permite aos humanos expressar ideias atrav\u00e9s de formas faladas, gestuais ou escritas. Estimada em 5.000-7.000 l\u00ednguas globais, \u00e9 \u00fanica na comunica\u00e7\u00e3o animal devido \u00e0 sua produtividade, deslocamento e aprendizagem social. Processada em regi\u00f5es cerebrais espec\u00edficas como as \u00e1reas de Broca e Wernicke, a linguagem se desenvolve por intera\u00e7\u00e3o social, geralmente tornando-se fluente por volta dos tr\u00eas anos. Serve a m\u00faltiplas fun\u00e7\u00f5es al\u00e9m da comunica\u00e7\u00e3o, incluindo expressar identidade e coes\u00e3o cultural. Linguisticamente, as l\u00ednguas possuem sistemas fonol\u00f3gicos e sint\u00e1ticos que regem a articula\u00e7\u00e3o sonora e a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de significados. Evoluem dinamicamente, refletindo diversidade cultural e hist\u00f3rica, e pertencem a v\u00e1rias fam\u00edlias lingu\u00edsticas como Indo-Europeia e Sino-Tibetana. O estudo cient\u00edfico da linguagem, a lingu\u00edstica, examina suas estruturas, origens e desenvolvimento a partir de m\u00faltiplas perspetivas te\u00f3ricas, revelando a linguagem como uma capacidade cognitiva humana fundamental que se adapta e transforma ao longo do tempo. <\/span><\/div><button class=\"cmtt-footnote-showmore-btn\">Show more<\/button><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink3\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">3. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink3-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/retorica\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">ret\u00f3rica<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> A ret\u00f3rica emergiu na Sic\u00edlia do s\u00e9culo V a.C., introduzida em Atenas pelos sofistas como um m\u00e9todo de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o persuasiva. Inicialmente desenvolvida em contextos pol\u00edticos e judiciais, foi sistematizada por Arist\u00f3teles, que identificou tr\u00eas t\u00e9cnicas persuasivas: ethos (car\u00e1ter), pathos (emo\u00e7\u00e3o) e logos (l\u00f3gica). Sofistas como Prot\u00e1goras e G\u00f3rgias desafiaram a sabedoria tradicional, argumentando que as pr\u00e1ticas culturais s\u00e3o convencionais e a moralidade contextual. A disciplina engloba cinco elementos can\u00f4nicos: sele\u00e7\u00e3o de conte\u00fado (inventio), organiza\u00e7\u00e3o (dispositio), express\u00e3o (elocutio), memoriza\u00e7\u00e3o (memoria) e entrega (pronuntiatio). Embora inicialmente focada no discurso falado, a ret\u00f3rica expandiu-se para abranger textos escritos, artes e v\u00e1rias formas de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o. Apesar da cr\u00edtica inicial de S\u00f3crates, tornou-se uma ferramenta filos\u00f3fica e pr\u00e1tica fundamental para comunica\u00e7\u00e3o eficaz, demonstrando o poder da argumenta\u00e7\u00e3o estruturada em diferentes contextos. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink4\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">4. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink4-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/culture\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">culture<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Culture is a complex concept that encompasses knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws and skills acquired by humans in society. Defined from different perspectives, it represents both ideas and practices learnt through social interaction. As a dynamic system, culture transmits changes across generations, enabling human adaptation and evolution. It serves as an essential mechanism for solving problems, defining group identity and distinguishing human behaviour from natural instincts. Culture develops through invention, diffusion and discovery, with environmental influences moulding its transformation. Although challenged by entertainment and globalisation, culture remains a crucial aspect of the human experience, providing shared symbolic meanings and practical knowledge. Its multifaceted nature encompasses intellectual and material dimensions, reflecting how human groups interpret and respond to their environment through learned patterns of behaviour and understanding. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink5\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">5. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink5-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/text\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">text<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> A text is a linguistic manifestation of ideas, conveying meaning through words and phrases articulated in various media. It can be literary or non-literary, with different characteristics in terms of structure, purpose and use of language. Literary texts aim to evoke emotion through connotative language, while non-literary texts prioritise objective communication. Textual characteristics include cohesion (connection between elements) and coherence (understanding of meaning), which are essential for effective communication. Textual linguistics has evolved to recognise the roles of the author and the reader in the construction of the text, expanding beyond traditional grammatical analysis. Texts can be written or spoken, and their interpretation depends on linguistic and cultural knowledge. The field of textual studies encompasses various approaches to understanding how texts convey meaning, from literary works such as novels and poems to informational materials such as scientific publications and instructional documents. <\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-bottom-border\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A oralidade &eacute; o uso da linguagem natural atrav&eacute;s do som e comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o corporal, historicamente crucial antes da escrita. Abrange a fala, gestos e express&otilde;es, com culturas orais dependendo da transmiss&atilde;o por mem&oacute;ria. Linguistas classificam a oralidade em prim&aacute;ria (n&atilde;o influenciada pela escrita) e secund&aacute;ria (baseada na cultura eletr&oacute;nica). As modalidades de comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o s&atilde;o vistas [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnotes-block\">\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header\">Terms definitions<\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header-border\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">1. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &uarr; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/communication\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">communication<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Communication is a complex process of exchanging information through signs, symbols and technological channels. Evolving from oral and written forms to digital platforms, it encompasses various modes, including verbal, non-verbal and mediated communication. Emerging at the beginning of the 20th century, communication theory explores the structure and social meaning of human interaction in different contexts, such as interpersonal, organisational and intercultural domains. Semiotics plays a crucial role in understanding how thoughts and feelings are transformed into comprehensible signs. Technological advances, particularly computers and social networks, continue to reshape communication processes, moving from traditional mass media to collaborative networks. The field draws insights from humanistic disciplines such as philosophy, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/sociology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sociology<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink7-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink7\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> and psychology, examining communication as a dynamic social phenomenon that reflects human connectivity and the exchange of information. <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">2. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &uarr; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/language\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">language<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> A linguagem &eacute; um <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/system\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>system<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink9-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink9\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> complexo de comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o que permite aos humanos expressar ideias atrav&eacute;s de formas faladas, gestuais ou escritas. Estimada em 5.000-7.000 l&iacute;nguas globais, &eacute; &uacute;nica na comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o animal devido &agrave; sua produtividade, deslocamento e aprendizagem social. Processada em regi&otilde;es cerebrais espec&iacute;ficas como as &aacute;reas de Broca e Wernicke, a linguagem se desenvolve por intera&ccedil;&atilde;o social, geralmente tornando-se fluente por volta dos tr&ecirc;s anos. Serve a m&uacute;ltiplas fun&ccedil;&otilde;es al&eacute;m da comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o, incluindo expressar identidade e coes&atilde;o cultural. Linguisticamente, as l&iacute;nguas possuem sistemas fonol&oacute;gicos e sint&aacute;ticos que regem a articula&ccedil;&atilde;o sonora e a constru&ccedil;&atilde;o de significados. Evoluem dinamicamente, refletindo diversidade cultural e hist&oacute;rica, e pertencem a v&aacute;rias fam&iacute;lias lingu&iacute;sticas como Indo-Europeia e Sino-Tibetana. O estudo cient&iacute;fico da linguagem, a lingu&iacute;stica, examina suas estruturas, origens e desenvolvimento a partir de m&uacute;ltiplas perspetivas te&oacute;ricas, revelando a linguagem como uma capacidade cognitiva humana fundamental que se adapta e transforma ao longo do tempo. <\/span><\/div>\n<p><button class=\"cmtt-footnote-showmore-btn\">Show more<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink3\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">3. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink3-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &uarr; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/retorica\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">ret&oacute;rica<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> A ret&oacute;rica emergiu na Sic&iacute;lia do s&eacute;culo V a.C., introduzida em Atenas pelos sofistas como um m&eacute;todo de comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o persuasiva. Inicialmente desenvolvida em contextos pol&iacute;ticos e judiciais, foi sistematizada por Arist&oacute;teles, que identificou tr&ecirc;s t&eacute;cnicas persuasivas: ethos (car&aacute;ter), pathos (emo&ccedil;&atilde;o) e logos (l&oacute;gica). Sofistas como Prot&aacute;goras e G&oacute;rgias desafiaram a sabedoria tradicional, argumentando que as pr&aacute;ticas culturais s&atilde;o convencionais e a moralidade contextual. A disciplina engloba cinco elementos can&ocirc;nicos: sele&ccedil;&atilde;o de conte&uacute;do (inventio), organiza&ccedil;&atilde;o (dispositio), express&atilde;o (elocutio), memoriza&ccedil;&atilde;o (memoria) e entrega (pronuntiatio). Embora inicialmente focada no discurso falado, a ret&oacute;rica expandiu-se para abranger textos escritos, artes e v&aacute;rias formas de comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o. Apesar da cr&iacute;tica inicial de S&oacute;crates, tornou-se uma ferramenta filos&oacute;fica e pr&aacute;tica fundamental para comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o eficaz, demonstrando o poder da argumenta&ccedil;&atilde;o estruturada em diferentes contextos. <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink4\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">4. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink4-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &uarr; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/culture\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">culture<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Culture is a complex concept that encompasses knowledge, beliefs and art, <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/moral\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>moral<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink10-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink10\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>laws and capacities acquired by humans in <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/society\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">society<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink8-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink8\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>. Definida por diversas perspetivas, representa tanto ideias como pr&aacute;ticas aprendidas atrav&eacute;s da intera&ccedil;&atilde;o social. Como um sistema din&acirc;mico, a cultura transmite modifica&ccedil;&otilde;es atrav&eacute;s das gera&ccedil;&otilde;es, permitindo a adapta&ccedil;&atilde;o e evolu&ccedil;&atilde;o humana. Serve como um mecanismo essencial para resolver problemas, definir a identidade de grupo e distinguir o comportamento humano dos instintos naturais. A cultura desenvolve-se atrav&eacute;s de inven&ccedil;&atilde;o, difus&atilde;o e descoberta, com influ&ecirc;ncias ambientais a moldar a sua transforma&ccedil;&atilde;o. Embora desafiada pelo entretenimento e <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/globalizacao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">globalisation<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink6-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink6\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>Culture remains a crucial aspect of human experience, providing shared symbolic meanings and practical knowledge. Its multifaceted nature encompasses intellectual and material dimensions, reflecting how human groups interpret and respond to their environment through learned patterns of behaviour and understanding. <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink5\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">5. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink5-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &uarr; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/text\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">text<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Um texto &eacute; uma manifesta&ccedil;&atilde;o lingu&iacute;stica de ideias, transmitindo significado atrav&eacute;s de palavras e frases articuladas em diversos meios. Pode ser liter&aacute;rio ou n&atilde;o liter&aacute;rio, com caracter&iacute;sticas distintas em estrutura, prop&oacute;sito e uso da linguagem. Textos liter&aacute;rios visam evocar emo&ccedil;&atilde;o atrav&eacute;s de linguagem conotativa, enquanto textos n&atilde;o liter&aacute;rios priorizam a comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o objetiva. As caracter&iacute;sticas textuais incluem coes&atilde;o (conex&atilde;o entre elementos) e coer&ecirc;ncia (compreens&atilde;o do significado), que s&atilde;o essenciais para a comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o eficaz. A Lingu&iacute;stica Textual evoluiu para reconhecer os pap&eacute;is do autor e do leitor na constru&ccedil;&atilde;o do texto, expandindo-se al&eacute;m da an&aacute;lise gramatical tradicional. Os textos podem ser escritos ou falados, e sua interpreta&ccedil;&atilde;o depende do conhecimento lingu&iacute;stico e cultural. O campo dos estudos textuais abrange diversas abordagens para compreender como os textos transmitem significado, desde obras liter&aacute;rias como romances e poemas at&eacute; materiais informativos como publica&ccedil;&otilde;es cient&iacute;ficas e documentos instrucionais. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-bottom-border\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnotes-block\"><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header\">Terms definitions<\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header-border\"><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">1. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/communication\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">communication<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Communication is a complex process of exchanging information through signs, symbols and technological channels. Evolving from oral and written forms to digital platforms, it encompasses various modes, including verbal, non-verbal and mediated communication. Emerging at the beginning of the 20th century, communication theory explores the structure and social meaning of human interaction in different contexts, such as interpersonal, organisational and intercultural domains. Semiotics plays a crucial role in understanding how thoughts and feelings are transformed into comprehensible signs. Technological advances, particularly computers and social networks, continue to reshape communication processes, moving from traditional mass media to collaborative networks. The field draws insights from humanistic disciplines such as philosophy, sociology and psychology, examining communication as a dynamic social phenomenon that reflects human connectivity and the exchange of information. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">2. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/language\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">language<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> A linguagem \u00e9 um sistema complexo de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o que permite aos humanos expressar ideias atrav\u00e9s de formas faladas, gestuais ou escritas. Estimada em 5.000-7.000 l\u00ednguas globais, \u00e9 \u00fanica na comunica\u00e7\u00e3o animal devido \u00e0 sua produtividade, deslocamento e aprendizagem social. Processada em regi\u00f5es cerebrais espec\u00edficas como as \u00e1reas de Broca e Wernicke, a linguagem se desenvolve por intera\u00e7\u00e3o social, geralmente tornando-se fluente por volta dos tr\u00eas anos. Serve a m\u00faltiplas fun\u00e7\u00f5es al\u00e9m da comunica\u00e7\u00e3o, incluindo expressar identidade e coes\u00e3o cultural. Linguisticamente, as l\u00ednguas possuem sistemas fonol\u00f3gicos e sint\u00e1ticos que regem a articula\u00e7\u00e3o sonora e a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de significados. Evoluem dinamicamente, refletindo diversidade cultural e hist\u00f3rica, e pertencem a v\u00e1rias fam\u00edlias lingu\u00edsticas como Indo-Europeia e Sino-Tibetana. O estudo cient\u00edfico da linguagem, a lingu\u00edstica, examina suas estruturas, origens e desenvolvimento a partir de m\u00faltiplas perspetivas te\u00f3ricas, revelando a linguagem como uma capacidade cognitiva humana fundamental que se adapta e transforma ao longo do tempo. <\/span><\/div><button class=\"cmtt-footnote-showmore-btn\">Show more<\/button><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink3\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">3. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink3-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/retorica\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">ret\u00f3rica<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> A ret\u00f3rica emergiu na Sic\u00edlia do s\u00e9culo V a.C., introduzida em Atenas pelos sofistas como um m\u00e9todo de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o persuasiva. Inicialmente desenvolvida em contextos pol\u00edticos e judiciais, foi sistematizada por Arist\u00f3teles, que identificou tr\u00eas t\u00e9cnicas persuasivas: ethos (car\u00e1ter), pathos (emo\u00e7\u00e3o) e logos (l\u00f3gica). Sofistas como Prot\u00e1goras e G\u00f3rgias desafiaram a sabedoria tradicional, argumentando que as pr\u00e1ticas culturais s\u00e3o convencionais e a moralidade contextual. A disciplina engloba cinco elementos can\u00f4nicos: sele\u00e7\u00e3o de conte\u00fado (inventio), organiza\u00e7\u00e3o (dispositio), express\u00e3o (elocutio), memoriza\u00e7\u00e3o (memoria) e entrega (pronuntiatio). Embora inicialmente focada no discurso falado, a ret\u00f3rica expandiu-se para abranger textos escritos, artes e v\u00e1rias formas de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o. Apesar da cr\u00edtica inicial de S\u00f3crates, tornou-se uma ferramenta filos\u00f3fica e pr\u00e1tica fundamental para comunica\u00e7\u00e3o eficaz, demonstrando o poder da argumenta\u00e7\u00e3o estruturada em diferentes contextos. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink4\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">4. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink4-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/culture\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">culture<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Culture is a complex concept that encompasses knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws and skills acquired by humans in society. Defined from different perspectives, it represents both ideas and practices learnt through social interaction. As a dynamic system, culture transmits changes across generations, enabling human adaptation and evolution. It serves as an essential mechanism for solving problems, defining group identity and distinguishing human behaviour from natural instincts. Culture develops through invention, diffusion and discovery, with environmental influences moulding its transformation. Although challenged by entertainment and globalisation, culture remains a crucial aspect of the human experience, providing shared symbolic meanings and practical knowledge. Its multifaceted nature encompasses intellectual and material dimensions, reflecting how human groups interpret and respond to their environment through learned patterns of behaviour and understanding. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink5\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">5. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink5-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/text\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">text<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> A text is a linguistic manifestation of ideas, conveying meaning through words and phrases articulated in various media. It can be literary or non-literary, with different characteristics in terms of structure, purpose and use of language. Literary texts aim to evoke emotion through connotative language, while non-literary texts prioritise objective communication. Textual characteristics include cohesion (connection between elements) and coherence (understanding of meaning), which are essential for effective communication. Textual linguistics has evolved to recognise the roles of the author and the reader in the construction of the text, expanding beyond traditional grammatical analysis. Texts can be written or spoken, and their interpretation depends on linguistic and cultural knowledge. The field of textual studies encompasses various approaches to understanding how texts convey meaning, from literary works such as novels and poems to informational materials such as scientific publications and instructional documents. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink6\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">6. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink6-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/globalizacao\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">globalisation<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Globalisation represents a complex historical process of increasing interconnection across economic, cultural and communication domains. Emerging from the first trade routes such as the Silk Road, it accelerated through technological advances in transport and communication. The post-World War II period saw significant expansion through international institutions, economic blocs and multinational corporations. The main impacts include the global exchange of information through internet technologies, facilitation of cross-border trade and cultural hybridisation. While enabling unprecedented connectivity and economic opportunities, globalisation simultaneously raises critical challenges around cultural homogenisation, environmental sustainability and economic inequality. The phenomenon has transformed the way goods, services, ideas and people move across national borders, creating both integrative possibilities and potential social tensions. Its multifaceted nature continues to provoke academic and political debates about its long-term societal implications. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink7\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">7. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink7-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/sociology\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">sociology<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Sociology is a social science that studies society, social interactions and culture through empirical research and critical analysis. Originating in the 19th century with pioneers such as Auguste Comte and Karl Marx, it emerged as a scientific approach to understanding the social changes brought about by industrialisation and capitalism. The discipline examines social structures, stratification, class, mobility and various human activities, including religion, gender and deviance. Employing qualitative and quantitative research methods, sociology has evolved to incorporate linguistic, cultural and computational techniques. Its scope extends beyond theoretical understanding to practical applications, informing policy-makers, educators and social workers. By providing systematic insights into social dynamics, sociology helps to explain how societies function, change and develop, bridging the gap between individual experiences and wider social systems and transformations. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink8\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">8. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink8-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/society\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">society<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> A society is a group of individuals interacting to achieve common goals, sharing a fundamental principle of bonding. Characterised by networks of interconnected relationships, societies can be institutionalised or non-institutionalised, ranging from bands and tribes to complex state structures. Communities serve as intermediary groups between individuals and wider societal structures, encompassing family, professional and social networks. Anthropological perspectives emphasise the organisation of societies based on subsistence, technology and communication, challenging previous hierarchical notions. Social norms and institutions play crucial roles in maintaining group cohesion, with mechanisms such as generosity, status recognition and shared rituals. The evolution of societies reflects changing dynamics of cooperation, specialisation and adaptation, demonstrating how human groups organise themselves to survive and thrive in different cultural and environmental contexts. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink9\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">9. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink9-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/system\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">system<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> A system is a complex arrangement of interconnected components working towards a common goal. Characterised by functional integration and synergy, systems can be physical or conceptual, ranging from biological organisms to organisational structures. Biological systems follow a hierarchical organisation from atomic to cosmic levels, while information systems in computer science focus on algorithmic processes. Systems interact dynamically with their environment through inputs and outputs, maintaining homeostasis through continuous communication between elements. Different types of systems exist across disciplines, including human biological systems such as digestive and nervous systems, and social systems such as economic and legal structures. The core principle underlying all systems is the interdependence of the components, where changes in one part can significantly influence the functionality and performance of the entire system. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink10\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">10. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink10-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/glossary\/moral\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">moral<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Morality refers to distinguishing proper from improper actions and originates from the Latin word \"moralis\". It encompasses individual conscience, societal values and behavioural norms. Moral principles transcend legal rules, representing autonomous and non-coercive guidelines rooted in human empathy and historical experiences. Unlike the law, moral standards are more comprehensive and shaped by social sentiment. Biological research suggests that moral capacities exist not only in humans, but also in primates, demonstrating evolutionary foundations of empathy and reciprocity. Religious and cultural contexts significantly influence moral structures, with different traditions emphasising different ethical principles. Literature and social interactions propagate moral lessons, presenting exemplary models of behaviour. Fundamentally, morality serves as a complex system of social control, guiding individual conduct through internalised values and a collective understanding of right and wrong. <\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-bottom-border\"><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"glossary-categories":[],"glossary-tags":[],"glossary-languages":[],"class_list":["post-1210","glossary","type-glossary","status-publish","hentry"],"post_title":"Oralidade","post_content":"A oralidade \u00e9 o uso da linguagem natural atrav\u00e9s do som e comunica\u00e7\u00e3o corporal, historicamente crucial antes da escrita. Abrange a fala, gestos e express\u00f5es, com culturas orais dependendo da transmiss\u00e3o por mem\u00f3ria. Linguistas classificam a oralidade em prim\u00e1ria (n\u00e3o influenciada pela escrita) e secund\u00e1ria (baseada na cultura eletr\u00f3nica). As modalidades de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o vistas como pr\u00e1ticas sociais interconectadas em vez de sistemas opostos. A oralidade desempenha pap\u00e9is significativos atrav\u00e9s de per\u00edodos hist\u00f3ricos, desde a ret\u00f3rica grega antiga at\u00e9 ambientes acad\u00e9micos modernos. V\u00e1rias perturba\u00e7\u00f5es da fala como gaguez, disartria e afasia podem impactar a comunica\u00e7\u00e3o oral. Acad\u00e9micos como Marcuschi argumentam que a linguagem oral e escrita existem num cont\u00ednuo, com o contexto e prop\u00f3sito determinando o estilo de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o, desafiando cren\u00e7as pr\u00e9vias sobre a superioridade cognitiva da escrita. Ambos os modos permitem a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de texto coerente e coesivo, coexistindo como ferramentas lingu\u00edsticas din\u00e2micas.","acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/1210"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/glossary"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/1210\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"glossary-categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-categories?post=1210"},{"taxonomy":"glossary-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-tags?post=1210"},{"taxonomy":"glossary-languages","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advogados.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-languages?post=1210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}