Ur-Namu

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Ur-Namu era o governador de Ur que se tornou o primeiro rei da Terceira Dinastia de Ur, governando de 2112 a 2095 a.C. Tomou o poder derrubando Utuegal e iniciando campanhas militares, incluindo o ataque a Namani de Lagash. Notavelmente, criou um dos códigos legais mais antigos conhecidos, que enfatizava penalidades monetárias sobre punições retributivas e abordava danos morais. Seu código, descoberto em 1952, transformou customs^[3] antigos em leis sistemáticas. Durante seu reinado de 18 anos, Ur-Namu registou 17 nomes de anos e foi conhecido por significativas reformas legais. Ele acabou morrendo em batalha e foi sucedido por seu filho Sulgi. Seu legado inclui princípios legais pioneiros e o estabelecimento de uma nova ordem politics^[2] na Mesopotâmia antiga, marcando um importante período de transição na civilisation^[1] humana primitiva.

Terms definitions

1. ↑ civilisation. The concept of civilisation encompasses complex socio-cultural transformations driven by technological revolutions, representing dynamic changes in human social organisation. Civilisations are characterised by unique cultural identities, encompassing distinct ideas, customs, arts and manufacturing practices that tend to spread and influence other cultural spheres. Scholars such as Samuel Huntington and Darcy Ribeiro have proposed different frameworks for understanding civilisational development, identifying multiple cultural zones and historical trajectories. These perspectives explore how societies evolve through technological, social and cultural changes, highlighting the non-linear nature of human progression. The study of civilisations involves analysing processes of cultural hegemony, social self-regulation and potential conflicts arising from ideological and cultural differences. The concept goes beyond mere social structures, representing broader cultural identity and encompassing intricate patterns of human interaction and transformation.

2. ↑ politics. Politics is a multifaceted field that explores governance, power dynamics and social organisation. Originating from the ancient Greek term "politeia", it examines the structures and processes of state management. Political power is characterised by its ability to influence social outcomes through mechanisms of legitimacy, centralisation and coercion. Various political systems, from democracies to monarchies, operate through complex institutions such as legislatures, executives and judiciaries. Different ideological perspectives - including liberalism, conservatism and socialism - shape the understanding of state functions, individual rights and social relations. International politics further expands this domain, analysing global interactions, diplomatic relations and transnational governance. Theories of political change, power distribution and institutional structures provide critical insights into how societies organise, govern and transform themselves through political processes and philosophical debates.

Ur-Namu (Wikipedia)

Ur-Namu (Ur-Nammu), "pai de Sulgi", foi o fundador da terceira dinastia of Ur e reinou de 2 112 a 2 095 a.C. Por volta de 2 100 a.C., expulsou os gútios e reunificou a região da Mesopotamia que estava sob o controle dos acádios. Foi um rei enérgico, que construiu os famosos zigurates e promoveu a compilação das leis do direito sumério.

Ur-Namu 𒌨𒀭𒇉
Grande Rei Rei de Ur Rei da Suméria e Acádia
Ur-Namu Entronização de Ur-Namu
Reinado	2 112 a.C. - 2 095 a.C.
Predecessor	Utuegal
Successor	Sulgi
Cônjuge	Uatartum
Descendência	Sulgi Enirgalana

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