Trademark

Trademark

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A registered trade mark (®) is a law^[1] an intellectual property used to identify and distinguish a company's products or services. Obtained through government registration, trademarks can be logos, words or slogans that help consumers recognise the origin of a brand. Registration involves specific fees and is typically valid for 10 years, with renewal options. Different countries have unique registration processes, such as the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) in Brazil or the Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market (OHIM) in the European Union. International registration is facilitated by the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), which represents 189 member states. Trademark symbols such as "TM" and "®" indicate different levels of official recognition, with "®" signifying registration approved by the state^[2]. The main objective is to provide legal protection and brand identity in various markets.

Terms definitions

1. ↑ law. Law is a complex system of rules that regulate human behaviour through rights and duties, shaped by various social and cultural influences. Rooted in Latin and Sanskrit origins, it encompasses various legal families such as civil law and common law. The field largely distinguishes between public and private law, addressing corporate and individual interests respectively. Its foundations date back to archaic societies, with early codifications such as the Code of Ur-Namu and the Code of Hammurabi. Roman law significantly advanced legal systems, separating law from religion and morality, and developing sophisticated legal concepts. Modern law comes from multiple sources, including state legislation, international treaties and individual contracts. Courts and tribunals apply legal norms through interpretation guided by doctrine, custom and judicial precedent, reflecting the dynamic and adaptive nature of law.

2. ↑ state. A state is a sovereign entity with defined territorial limits, a population and autonomous governance. Originating from the Latin word "status", it emerged from the decline of feudalism and was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia of 1648. States exercise sovereign authority through institutions that make and enforce laws, manage economic affairs and provide public services. They can be structured as unitary or federal systems, monarchies or republics, each with distinct organisational characteristics. The main functions include maintaining security, collecting taxes, providing public goods and representing national interests internationally. The concept of the state has been significantly influenced by political philosophers such as Hobbes and Locke and shaped by historical events such as the French Revolution. Its evolution continues in response to global challenges and changing socio-political dynamics.

Trademark (Wikipedia)

This article or section contains a list of references at the end of the textbut its sources are unclear because are not cited in the body of the articlewhich jeopardises reliability information. Help improve this article inserting quotes in the body of the article. (June 2016)

A trademark ^{(Brazilian Portuguese)} or registered trade mark ^{(European Portuguese)} or trade mark (respectively, symbols ® or MR or TR) is any name or symbol used to identify a company, a product (consumer goods), service or trade. Trademarks are a type of intellectual property and its effectiveness depends on the exclusivity registration granted by the authorities. government the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI).

In general, trademarks are represented by logos, wordsThe use of slogans or words linked to the activity are prevented or limit the use of the trade mark.

The trade mark's function is to enable consumers to identify the origin of a product or service, enabling them to distinguish that product or service from other similar ones on the market.

In Brazil, the Trademark is regulated by Article 123 et seq. of Law No. 9,279/96, which deals specifically with trademarks, patents and industrial designs, as well as crimes committed against trademarks and patents, such as unfair competition.

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