
A system is a complex arrangement of interconnected components working towards a common goal. Characterised by functional integration and synergy, systems can be physical or conceptual, ranging from biological organisms to organisational structures. Biological systems follow a hierarchical organisation from atomic to cosmic levels, while information systems in computer science focus on algorithmic processes. Systems interact dynamically with their environment through inputs and outputs, maintaining homeostasis through communication[1] between elements. Different types of systems exist across disciplines, including human biological systems such as digestive and nervous systems, and social systems such as economic and legal structures. The core principle underlying all systems is the interdependence of the components, where changes in one part can significantly influence the functionality and performance of the entire system.
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One system (from Greek σύστημα system, through the Latin systēma), is a set of interdependent elements that form an organised whole. It is a definition that occurs in various disciplines, such as biology, medicine, IT, administration, law. Coming from the Greek, the term "system" means "to combine", "to adjust", "to form a whole".