Supreme Court

Supreme Court

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The Supreme Court Court^[3] The Federal Supreme Court (STF) is Brazil's highest judicial body, established in 1822 and serving as a supreme and constitutional court. Located in Brasilia since 1960, it is made up of 11 Justices appointed by the President and confirmed by the Federal Senate, with compulsory retirement at the age of 75. Its primary function is to safeguard the Constitution^[1] It has the power to review constitutionality through mechanisms such as the Direct Action for Unconstitutionality. The court's sessions are broadcast publicly, and its president holds significant institutional importance, being fourth in the line of presidential succession. Throughout Brazilian history, the STF has played a critical role in maintaining judicial independence, particularly during challenging political periods such as the military regime. Its jurisdiction^[2] covers the interpretation of constitutional matters, the judgement of high authorities and the resolution of legal disputes, representing a fundamental pillar of the system^[4] Brazilian democracy.

Terms definitions

1. ↑ Constitution ( Constitution ) Constitutions are fundamental legal documents that define government structures, rights and principles. They can be rigid or flexible, existing at national, regional or local levels, and are created by a sovereign constituent power. Constitutional reforms are typically carried out by a derived constituent power with specific limitations. Key features include protecting fundamental rights, establishing state mechanisms and maintaining legal supremacy. Control mechanisms ensure constitutional compliance through diffuse and concentrated review processes. Most democratic constitutions are developed through constituent assemblies and include provisions that protect core normative elements. International influences, particularly from the American and French revolutions, have shaped modern constitutional theory. Notably, some constitutions such as India's are extensively detailed, with hundreds of articles and amendments. The principle of constitutional unity emphasises the harmonious interpretation of legal principles, resolving potential conflicts through balanced approaches.

2. ↑ jurisdiction. Jurisdiction is the legal authority to administer justice and resolve conflicts, traditionally associated with the judiciary but now encompassing various governmental bodies. It involves principles such as impartiality, inevitability and inertia, with characteristics including mandatory and universal application. Jurisdiction can be voluntary (administrative) or contentious (aimed at social pacification), and is not limited to court proceedings. Alternative methods of conflict resolution such as mediation and arbitration exist alongside court proceedings. The concept is fundamental to civil procedure, involving conditions of action such as legitimate interest and the possibility of redress. Key aspects include the power to determine legal issues, the ability to substitute the will of the parties and providing effective judicial protection as a fundamental right.

Supreme Court (Wikipedia)

O Supreme Court (STF) is the higher court or the last instance of brazilian judiciarythe one that accumulates both the typical competences of a supreme courtIn other words, a court of last instance (popularly known as the third instance), like those of a constitutional courtIn other words, it judges questions of constitutionality independently of concrete litigation. Its fundamental institutional function is to serve as the guardian of the Constitution. Federal Constitution of 1988The Court of First Instance shall hear cases involving injury or threat to its provisions. Its decisions cannot be appealed to any other court.

Supreme Court (STF)
Supreme Court STF headquarters
Supreme Court
Q519138
Organisation
Creation	1808 (216 years)
Country	Brazil
Head Office	Three Powers Square, Brasilia
Coordinates	15° 48′ 08″ S, 47° 51′ 43″ O
Composition	11 ministers
Name	Appointment by President of the Republicwith confirmation of Senate
Mandate	Until the age of 75
President	Luís Roberto Barroso (2023-2025)
Vice-President	Luiz Edson Fachin
Official website	www.stf.jus.br
Jurisdiction
Type	Constitutional and Appeals Court
Territorial Jurisdiction	National territory

Created after the Brazilian IndependenceIt was renamed the Supreme Court of Justice, and renamed the Federal Supreme Court after the proclamation of the RepublicThe STF exercises a long series of competences, among which the best known and most relevant is the concentrated control of constitutionality through direct actions of unconstitutionality. All of the Supreme Court's administrative and judicial meetings have been broadcast live on TV Justiça since 11 August 2002 and on Radio Justiça since 5 May 2004. The Court is also open to the public to watch judgements.

The eleven judges of the court are called Justices, even though the position bears no resemblance to that of the Justices of the Court. ministers of Executive branch. They are appointed by President of the Republicand must be approved by Federal Senate. With no fixed term of office, the maximum limit is compulsory retirement when they reach the age of 75.

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