Rules of order

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Rules of order are formal guidelines used by deliberative assemblies to conduct business, originating in the British House of Commons. These procedural rules outline processes for proposing, debating and voting on motions, with variations between different regions. The two primary variants are the American and Westminster parliamentary procedures, followed in the United States, Canada and the countries of the former British Commonwealth, respectively. Different jurisdictions adopt specific authorities such as Robert's Rules of Order, Mason's Manual or treated^[1] Erskine May to govern its procedures. These rules have evolved to ensure efficient and structured decision-making, providing standardised methods for organisations to discuss and resolve issues. Legislative bodies typically maintain comprehensive written rules, while non-legislative groups adapt more flexible procedural structures. The core purpose remains consistent: to facilitate orderly, fair and democratic discussions and decision-making processes.

Terms definitions

1. ↑ treated. Treaties are international legal instruments that establish rights and obligations between states, evolving from bilateral agreements to complex multilateral frameworks. Historically tracing back to the 13th century BC Treaty of Kadesh, they have become increasingly sophisticated through centuries of diplomatic practice. Treaties typically involve negotiation, signature and ratification by authorised representatives, creating binding commitments under international law. They can be bilateral or multilateral, covering topics ranging from political co-operation to technical standards. Terminology includes variations such as convention, protocol and agreement, each with nuanced meanings. The fundamental principles governing treaties include mutual consent, legitimate aims and the fundamental concept of pacta sunt servanda (agreements must be honoured). Domestic ratification processes vary between states, with frequent legislative approval required. There are international mechanisms for treaty interpretation, dispute resolution and potential amendment or termination, reflecting the dynamic nature of international legal relations.

Rules of order (Wikipedia)

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Rules of orderalso known as permanent rules or rules of procedure,^[^{lacks sources?]} are rules adopted in clubs, organisations, legislative bodies or other assemblies deliberations, which stipulate the processes used by a organ to reach a decision. Some bodies rely more on precedents and the judgement of the presidentwhile others in written rules.

Old judge's gavel and court minutes on display at the Minnesota Judicial Centre

The rules of order are usually created by the group of people in question, but they can also be adopted from an external source, considered to be authority on the subject, by explicitly referring to this adoption. Typically, legislative assemblies national and state legislatures, and other exclusively legislative assemblies, have their own internally written comprehensive rules of order, generally known as internal regulationsWhile non-legislative societies write and adopt a limited set of specific rules as the need arises.