Political Constitution of the Republic of Cape Verde

1. ↑ Constitution ( Constitution ) Constitutions are fundamental legal documents that define government structures, rights and principles. They can be rigid or flexible, existing at national, regional or local levels, and are created by a sovereign constituent power. Constitutional reforms are typically carried out by a derived constituent power with specific limitations. Key features include protecting fundamental rights, establishing state mechanisms and maintaining legal supremacy. Control mechanisms ensure constitutional compliance through diffuse and concentrated review processes. Most democratic constitutions are developed through constituent assemblies and include provisions that protect core normative elements. International influences, particularly from the American and French revolutions, have shaped modern constitutional theory. Notably, some constitutions such as India's are extensively detailed, with hundreds of articles and amendments. The principle of constitutional unity emphasises the harmonious interpretation of legal principles, resolving potential conflicts through balanced approaches.

2. ↑ Politics ( Politics ) Politics is a multifaceted field that explores governance, power dynamics and social organisation. Originating from the ancient Greek term "politeia", it examines the structures and processes of state management. Political power is characterised by its ability to influence social outcomes through mechanisms of legitimacy, centralisation and coercion. Various political systems, from democracies to monarchies, operate through complex institutions such as legislatures, executives and judiciaries. Different ideological perspectives - including liberalism, conservatism and socialism - shape the understanding of state functions, individual rights and social relations. International politics further expands this domain, analysing global interactions, diplomatic relations and transnational governance. Theories of political change, power distribution and institutional structures provide critical insights into how societies organise, govern and transform themselves through political processes and philosophical debates.

3. ↑ democracy. Democracy is a system of government in which citizens participate equally in political processes, originating in ancient Greek city states. Derived from Greek words meaning "power of the people", it emphasises political equality, freedom and the rule of law. Although historically limited to elite groups, democratic principles expanded through universal suffrage movements in the 19th and 20th centuries. Various forms exist, including direct, representative and liberal democracies, each with distinct characteristics. Global democratisation experienced significant changes, particularly after the Second World War and the Cold War, with the number of electoral democracies increasing from 40 in 1972 to 123 in 2007. However, recent trends show challenges, including the rise of authoritarianism and the erosion of democratic institutions. Democracy encompasses not only political mechanisms, but also social, economic and cultural conditions that allow for free and equal self-determination, recognising potential risks such as the "tyranny of the majority".

4. ↑ Law ( Law ) The law has evolved through complex historical stages, from ancient Egyptian and Sumerian codes to sophisticated Roman legal systems. Ancient civilisations developed organised legal structures, with significant innovations emerging in Greece and Rome. Roman law, strongly influenced by Greek philosophy, was systematically codified and subsequently rediscovered in the 11th century, forming the basis for continental European legal systems. During the Middle Ages, custom and case law replaced rigid Roman codes, with the English royal courts developing common law precedents. Modern legal systems emerged with influential codifications such as the Napoleonic and German civil codes, demonstrating increasing standardisation. Throughout history, law has been closely connected to the development of civilisation, continually adapting to changing social contexts and reflecting national identities through philosophical, cultural and professional influences.

5. ↑ state. A state is a sovereign entity with defined territorial limits, a population and autonomous governance. Originating from the Latin word "status", it emerged from the decline of feudalism and was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia of 1648. States exercise sovereign authority through institutions that make and enforce laws, manage economic affairs and provide public services. They can be structured as unitary or federal systems, monarchies or republics, each with distinct organisational characteristics. The main functions include maintaining security, collecting taxes, providing public goods and representing national interests internationally. The concept of the state has been significantly influenced by political philosophers such as Hobbes and Locke and shaped by historical events such as the French Revolution. Its evolution continues in response to global challenges and changing socio-political dynamics.

6. ↑ system. A system is a complex arrangement of interconnected components working towards a common goal. Characterised by functional integration and synergy, systems can be physical or conceptual, ranging from biological organisms to organisational structures. Biological systems follow a hierarchical organisation from atomic to cosmic levels, while information systems in computer science focus on algorithmic processes. Systems interact dynamically with their environment through inputs and outputs, maintaining homeostasis through continuous communication between elements. Different types of systems exist across disciplines, including human biological systems such as digestive and nervous systems, and social systems such as economic and legal structures. The core principle underlying all systems is the interdependence of the components, where changes in one part can significantly influence the functionality and performance of the entire system.

Political Constitution of the Republic of Cape Verde
Political Constitution of the Republic of Cape Verde Page with the first articles of the Cape Verdean Constitution.
Purpose	National Constitution.
Signature location	Beach Cape Verde
Author	National Assembly
Signatory(s)	Members of the National People's Assembly and others.
Created	The first was on 5 September 1980
Ratification	The current one is from 1992
Transcribed file from Wikisource

Political Constitution of the Republic of Cape Verde

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