Bailiff

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Oficiais judiciais desempenharam papéis cruciais em sistemas jurídicos ao longo da história, desde os tempos romanos antigos até a Inglaterra medieval e as colónias portuguesas. Estes oficiais, conhecidos por vários nomes como aparitores, lictores, xerifes e meirinhos, eram responsáveis por executar ordens legais, efetuar prisões e apoiar procedimentos judiciais. As suas funções evoluíram de representantes fisicamente intimidadores da autoridade para papéis mais burocráticos. No Brasil moderno, oficiais judiciais (oficiais de justice[1]) agora requerem licenciatura em Law[2] e realizam tarefas como entregar documentos, executar ordens judiciais e avaliar valores de propriedades. Apesar das mudanças no seu estatuto e responsabilidades, estes profissionais continuam a ser integrais ao system[3] judicial, enfrentando desafios como potencial violência durante operações de alto risco e debates jurídicos contínuos sobre os seus direitos e proteções.

Terms definitions
1. justice. Justice is a complex philosophical and social concept that has been examined through various lenses in different historical periods. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Aristotle explored its subjective and corrective dimensions, while medieval thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas connected justice to divine will. Modern theorists such as Rawls, Sen and Dworkin offer diverse perspectives on fairness, equality and social organisation. Key approaches include utilitarian views that emphasise collective happiness, libertarian perspectives that prioritise individual rights and capability-based frameworks that focus on human potential. Academics debate the fundamental principles of justice, examining the distribution of resources, opportunities and social goods. Symbolically represented by scales, a sword and blindfolded figures, justice embodies impartiality, balance and rational decision-making. Contemporary discourse continues to explore how justice can be achieved through legal, economic and philosophical mechanisms, recognising its dynamic and multifaceted nature.
2. Law ( Law ) Law is a complex system of rules that regulate human behaviour through rights and duties, shaped by various social and cultural influences. Rooted in Latin and Sanskrit origins, it encompasses various legal families such as civil law and common law. The field largely distinguishes between public and private law, addressing corporate and individual interests respectively. Its foundations date back to archaic societies, with early codifications such as the Code of Ur-Namu and the Code of Hammurabi. Roman law significantly advanced legal systems, separating law from religion and morality, and developing sophisticated legal concepts. Modern law comes from multiple sources, including state legislation, international treaties and individual contracts. Courts and tribunals apply legal norms through interpretation guided by doctrine, custom and judicial precedent, reflecting the dynamic and adaptive nature of law.
Bailiff (Wikipedia)

Oficial de justiça é a designação genérica dos magistrates e outros funcionários judiciais. Hoje em dia, dá-se a designação específica de "oficial de justiça" ao servidor público concursado do Judiciary, dotado de fé pública, que, com a sua atuação, materializa a aplicação da lei ao caso concreto. Assim, o oficial de justiça é peça fundamental à prestação jurisdicional e uma função essencial à justiça, pois de nada adiantariam as decisões judiciais se não existisse quem as fizesse cumprir.

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