Lipite-Istar

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Lipite-Istar foi um rei da Primeira Dinastia de Isin que reinou por volta de 1930-1900 a.C. durante o período amorita. Ele expandiu as fronteiras de Isin e travou campanhas contra cidades-estados vizinhas, tendo promulgado notavelmente um código legal significativo que fornece insights jurídicos sobre a society[1] babilônica antiga. Seu reinado ocorreu após a queda da dinastia Ur III e coincidiu com o surgimento do período babilônico antigo no sul da Mesopotâmia. Evidências arqueológicas, incluindo inscrições, tabuletas de argila e selos, documentam suas atividades administrativas e governamentais. O código legal de Lipite-Istar, que codificou tradições jurídicas sumérias e acadianas, abordou questões de família, propriedade, negócios e justice[2] criminal. Seu reinado é significativo por oferecer compreensão das estruturas políticas, sociais e legais mesopotâmicas durante um período transformador na história do Antigo Oriente Próximo.

Terms definitions
1. society. A society is a group of individuals interacting to achieve common goals, sharing a fundamental principle of bonding. Characterised by networks of interconnected relationships, societies can be institutionalised or non-institutionalised, ranging from bands and tribes to complex state structures. Communities serve as intermediary groups between individuals and wider societal structures, encompassing family, professional and social networks. Anthropological perspectives emphasise the organisation of societies based on subsistence, technology and communication, challenging previous hierarchical notions. Social norms and institutions play crucial roles in maintaining group cohesion, with mechanisms such as generosity, status recognition and shared rituals. The evolution of societies reflects changing dynamics of cooperation, specialisation and adaptation, demonstrating how human groups organise themselves to survive and thrive in different cultural and environmental contexts.
2. justice. Justice is a complex philosophical and social concept that has been examined through various lenses in different historical periods. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Aristotle explored its subjective and corrective dimensions, while medieval thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas connected justice to divine will. Modern theorists such as Rawls, Sen and Dworkin offer diverse perspectives on fairness, equality and social organisation. Key approaches include utilitarian views that emphasise collective happiness, libertarian perspectives that prioritise individual rights and capability-based frameworks that focus on human potential. Academics debate the fundamental principles of justice, examining the distribution of resources, opportunities and social goods. Symbolically represented by scales, a sword and blindfolded figures, justice embodies impartiality, balance and rational decision-making. Contemporary discourse continues to explore how justice can be achieved through legal, economic and philosophical mechanisms, recognising its dynamic and multifaceted nature.
Lipite-Istar (Wikipedia)

Lipite-Istar or Lipite-Estar (em sumério: 𒀭𒄿𒁲𒀭𒁕𒃶; romaniz.: Lipit-Ishtar or Lipit-Eshtar) foi o quinto rei da primeira dinastia de Isim e reinou cerca de 1934 à 1 924 a.C.. Alguns documentos e inscrições reais deste tempo sobreviveram, mas ele é conhecido principalmente devido a língua suméria hinos ser escrita em sua homenagem, bem como pelo código de leis escrito em seu nome (precedendo, em cerca de 200 anos, o famoso Code of Hammurabi), que foram utilizados por cerca de centenas de anos após sua morte. Os anais que registram seu reinado também contam que ele expulsou os amoritas.

Lipite-Istar
Rei de Isim
Rei da Suméria e Acádia
Lipite-Istar
Código de Lipite-Istar
Reinado fl. 1 870 a.C. - 1 860 a.C.
Predecessor Ismedagã
Successor Ur-Ninurta
Pai Ismedagã

References

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