Lei de Portugal - Advogados Cabo Verde

Portuguese law

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A law^[4] portuguesa evoluiu a partir de diversas fontes, incluindo tradições jurídicas indo-europeias, célticas, romanas, germânicas e canónicas. Desenvolvendo-se após a independência de Portugal nos séculos XII-XIII, o seu system^[5] jurídico foi inicialmente estruturado através de códigos de Ordenações nos séculos XV-XVIII. Marcos legislativos fundamentais incluem a Constitution^[2] de 1976, o Código Civil de 1966 e o Código Penal de 1982. A lei portuguesa influenciou significativamente sistemas jurídicos em territórios anteriormente sob domínio português, como Angola, Cabo Verde, Macau e Timor-Leste, moldando procedimentos judiciais, regulations^[3] comerciais e princípios jurídicos. As Ordenações Filipinas desempenharam particularmente um papel crucial no estabelecimento de quadros legais. Os processos legislativos envolvem o governo, deputados parlamentares e comissões especializadas, com leis sujeitas a revisões contínuas. O sistema jurídico reflete desenvolvimentos históricos desde o natural law^[1] e o liberalismo até influências contemporâneas de corporativismo, socialismo e regulamentos da União Europeia, demonstrando o complexo heritage jurídico português e o seu impacto jurídico global.

Terms definitions

1. ↑ natural law. Natural law is a philosophical theory that explores moral and rational principles inherent in human nature. Rooted in Greek philosophical traditions and developed through the contributions of thinkers such as Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas and Locke, it posits universal moral standards that transcend positive (human-made) law. The theory argues that certain fundamental human goods and rights exist independently of legal systems, derived from reason and human nature. The main proponents emphasise the role of natural law in establishing just legal structures, human rights and ethical standards. Medieval and modern philosophers interpreted natural law through theological, philosophical and rational perspectives, considering its relationship to divine order, human reason and social contract theory. Contemporary natural law theorists continue to defend objective moral principles against ethical relativism, asserting that legitimate law must be aligned with fundamental human rights and moral absolutes. The theory remains influential in legal, philosophical and theological discourse.

2. ↑ Constitution ( Constitution ) Constitutions are fundamental legal documents that define government structures, rights and principles. They can be rigid or flexible, existing at national, regional or local levels, and are created by a sovereign constituent power. Constitutional reforms are typically carried out by a derived constituent power with specific limitations. Key features include protecting fundamental rights, establishing state mechanisms and maintaining legal supremacy. Control mechanisms ensure constitutional compliance through diffuse and concentrated review processes. Most democratic constitutions are developed through constituent assemblies and include provisions that protect core normative elements. International influences, particularly from the American and French revolutions, have shaped modern constitutional theory. Notably, some constitutions such as India's are extensively detailed, with hundreds of articles and amendments. The principle of constitutional unity emphasises the harmonious interpretation of legal principles, resolving potential conflicts through balanced approaches.

Portuguese law (Wikipedia)

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O Direito de Portugal faz parte da mesma família do sistema jurídico continental. Até finais do 19th century, o direito French foi a sua principal influência. Desde então, o direito German tem assumido esse papel.