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Os Tribunais Especiais no Brasil emergiram das constituições republicanas, ganhando destaque com o Court[3] de Pequenas Causas do Rio Grande em 1982 e estabelecimento nacional através da Law[4] 7.244 em 1984. O reconhecimento constitucional veio em 1988. Esses tribunais operam nos princípios da simplicidade, informalidade e eficiência processual, tratando casos cíveis, criminais e de fazenda pública com limites monetários. Apresentam características únicas como painéis de recurso colegiados e regras processuais específicas. Os Tribunais Especiais Cíveis gerenciam casos até 40 salários mínimos, os tribunais criminais tratam infrações menores e os tribunais de fazenda pública abordam questões cíveis relacionadas ao state[5] até 60 salários mínimos. Os Tribunais Especiais Federais têm jurisdiction[1] funcional sobre casos de interesse federal, limitados a 60 salários mínimos. Regidos por leis especializadas, esses tribunais visam proporcionar justice[2] mais rápida e acessível através de processos simplificados e menor complexidade burocrática.

Terms definitions
1. ↑ jurisdiction. Jurisdiction is the legal authority to administer justice and resolve conflicts, traditionally associated with the judiciary but now encompassing various governmental bodies. It involves principles such as impartiality, inevitability and inertia, with characteristics including mandatory and universal application. Jurisdiction can be voluntary (administrative) or contentious (aimed at social pacification), and is not limited to court proceedings. Alternative methods of conflict resolution such as mediation and arbitration exist alongside court proceedings. The concept is fundamental to civil procedure, involving conditions of action such as legitimate interest and the possibility of redress. Key aspects include the power to determine legal issues, the ability to substitute the will of the parties and providing effective judicial protection as a fundamental right.
2. ↑ justice. Justice is a complex philosophical and social concept that has been examined through various lenses in different historical periods. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Aristotle explored its subjective and corrective dimensions, while medieval thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas connected justice to divine will. Modern theorists such as Rawls, Sen and Dworkin offer diverse perspectives on fairness, equality and social organisation. Key approaches include utilitarian views that emphasise collective happiness, libertarian perspectives that prioritise individual rights and capability-based frameworks that focus on human potential. Academics debate the fundamental principles of justice, examining the distribution of resources, opportunities and social goods. Symbolically represented by scales, a sword and blindfolded figures, justice embodies impartiality, balance and rational decision-making. Contemporary discourse continues to explore how justice can be achieved through legal, economic and philosophical mechanisms, recognising its dynamic and multifaceted nature.
Special Courts (Wikipedia)
 Note: Não confundir com Juizados da Infância e Juventude, nem com Juizados de Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher.

Special Courts, anteriormente denominados Juizados de Pequenas Causas, são juízos informais que buscam proporcionar meio célere ao acesso e efetividade da jurisdição, tanto no âmbito cível, quanto criminal e fazendário.

Fórum Arx da Costa Tourinho, dos Juizados Especiais Federais de Salvador e das Turmas Recursais do Sistema de Juizados Especiais Federais da Seção Judiciária da Bahia.
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