Fine

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A multa é uma penalidade pecuniária imposta por violações ou infrações, servindo como sanção administrativa, criminal ou civil. Tipicamente determinada por law^[1], as multas visam desencorajar comportamentos ilícitos e proporcionar restituição. Podem ser impostas por agências governamentais, tribunais ou instituições profissionais, com valores calculados com base na gravidade da offence^[2], potencialmente considerando fatores como reincidência e capacidade de pagamento. As multas devem ser pagas dentro de um prazo especificado, e o não cumprimento pode resultar em penalidades adicionais, penhora de salários ou apreensão de bens. Indivíduos ou entidades podem contestar multas através de processos de recurso, desafiando decisões com base em erros processuais ou valores desproporcionais. Recursos bem-sucedidos podem reduzir ou eliminar a penalidade, com disputas potencialmente ouvidas em tribunais administrativos ou judiciais.

Terms definitions

1. ↑ law. The law has evolved through complex historical stages, from ancient Egyptian and Sumerian codes to sophisticated Roman legal systems. Ancient civilisations developed organised legal structures, with significant innovations emerging in Greece and Rome. Roman law, strongly influenced by Greek philosophy, was systematically codified and subsequently rediscovered in the 11th century, forming the basis for continental European legal systems. During the Middle Ages, custom and case law replaced rigid Roman codes, with the English royal courts developing common law precedents. Modern legal systems emerged with influential codifications such as the Napoleonic and German civil codes, demonstrating increasing standardisation. Throughout history, law has been closely connected to the development of civilisation, continually adapting to changing social contexts and reflecting national identities through philosophical, cultural and professional influences.

2. ↑ offence. An offence is an action considered wrong or unacceptable, ranging from legal violations to transgressions of social norms. It can be intentional or unintentional, causing harm, insult or outrage. Offences are categorised as criminal, moral, social and personal, each with different consequences. Criminal offences can result in legal penalties, while social offences can lead to reputational damage or exclusion. Prevention involves education, clear communication and setting standards of behaviour. Defensive actions, retaliation and forgiveness are common responses to offences. The impact of an offence depends on its severity and context, and can affect relationships, trust and emotional well-being. Understanding and mitigating offensive behaviour requires awareness of social expectations, personal boundaries and interpersonal dynamics.

Fine (Wikipedia)

A fine or coima é uma quantia em dinheiro que um court ou outra authority decide que deve ser paga como punição por um crime ou outra infração. O valor da multa pode ser determinado caso a caso, mas, em muitas vezes, é anunciado com antecedência.

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