A fraud[1] Electoral manipulation covers various methods of manipulating electoral processes, ranging from manual to electronic techniques. Historically, external actors such as the CIA have influenced elections in countries such as Haiti, Russia, Israel and Yugoslavia by supporting specific candidates or imposing economic pressures. Fraudulent practices include the creation of phantom voters, voter substitution, vote buying and the alteration of electoral registers. Electronic voting introduces additional vulnerabilities such as machine cloning, coerced photographing of votes and manipulation of election workers. These methods can undermine democratic principles by distorting voter representation and choice. Notable examples include controversial elections such as the 2000 US presidential election and the ongoing debates over electronic voting systems. The complex nature of electoral fraud highlights the ongoing challenges in maintaining electoral integrity across different political systems and technological landscapes.
A electoral fraud is the deliberate intervention in a election with the purpose of preventing, annulling or modifying the actual results, favouring or harming any candidacy, party or coalition. Another form of fraud or crime can be through vote-buying, which takes place with the use of money or petrol tickets given to voters.
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