Dracon

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Drácon, um legislador ateniense do século VII a.C., é renomado por criar o primeiro código legal abrangente por escrito de Atenas. Nascido na aristocracia, foi concedido poderes extraordinários em 621 a.C. para resolver conflitos sociais. Suas leis eram notavelmente severas, prescrevendo a death[3] para numerosas infrações e estabelecendo justice[4] pública sobre vingança privada. Embora revolucionário ao codificar princípios legais, o system[5] de Drácon era tão rigoroso que o termo “draconiano” emergiu para descrever medidas excessivamente estritas. Seu quadro legal diferenciava tipos de murder[2] e significativamente avançou princípios de criminal law[1]. Embora a maioria de suas leis tenha sido eventualmente abandonada pelos atenienses devido à sua natureza extrema, algumas leis de homicídio foram mantidas. Ironicamente, a morte de Drácon foi relatada como causada por adoração pública avassaladora, com seus apoiadores sufocando-o ao lançar chapéus e mantos sobre ele na ilha de Egina por volta de 620 a.C.

Terms definitions
1. criminal law. Criminal law is a complex legal system that governs social conduct and criminal behaviour. Rooted in historical traditions such as Roman law and canon law, it aims to protect fundamental rights such as life, liberty and property. The field balances state power with individual rights, emphasising principles of human dignity, proportionality and due process of law. Key principles include legality, presumption of innocence and minimum intervention. Theoretical approaches range from the retributive model (punishment as justice) to preventive and restorative models, focusing on crime prevention and offender rehabilitation. Sources include penal codes, criminal procedure legislation and judicial precedents. Notable scholars such as Roxin, Bitencourt and Figueiredo Dias have contributed significantly to its development. Criminal law ultimately seeks to maintain social order while respecting individual human rights, using legal mechanisms as a last resort to address social conflicts.
2. murder. Homicide is the act of one person killing another, with varying legal and social interpretations in different contexts. It can be classified as justifiable, excusable or criminal, and can involve intentional or negligent actions. In Brazilian criminal law, homicide requires a natural person as the active and passive subject, with specific legal distinctions between types such as simple, qualified and privileged homicide. Proving homicide requires establishing the corpus delicti, typically through physical or testimonial evidence. Prevention strategies involve a comprehensive approach that addresses social factors such as poverty, inequality, the availability of weapons and mental health. The legal system aims to protect individuals' right to life through criminal justice policies, community interventions and public awareness initiatives that target the underlying causes of violent behaviour.
Dracon (Wikipedia)

Drácon or Draconte (em Greek: Δράκων, transl. Drákōn) foi um legislador Athenian (século VII a.C.).

Drácon (Δράκων)
Birth c. 650 a.C.
Residência Athens, Grécia

Arconte, de origem aristocrática, Drácon recebeu em 621 a.C. poderes extraordinários para pôr fim ao conflito social provocado pelo golpe de estado de Cilón e o exílio de Megacles. Incumbido pelos atenienses de preparar um código de leis escritas (até então eram orais), Drácon elaborou um rígido código de leis baseadas nas normas tradicionais arbitradas pelos juízes. Ele foi considerado o primeiro a fazer leis para os atenienses.

A severidade deste código fez com que o adjetivo draconiano (do francês draconien) chegasse à posteridade como sinônimo de desumano, excessivamente rígido ou drástico.

O seu código de leis durou até a época de Solon, que reteve do código de Drácon apenas as leis relativas ao homicídio.

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