Direito processual

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A law[2] processual abrange a jurisdiction[1], uma função estatal que resolve litígios jurídicos através de um processo estruturado. Opera quando as partes solicitam intervenção, atuando o state[3] como substituto em matérias legais. A jurisdição é exercida através da competência, determinada por critérios objetivos, funcionais e territoriais. O system[4] assegura um duplo grau de revisão, permitindo o exame recursal das decisões judiciais. A ação é o mecanismo jurídico que possibilita aos indivíduos invocar proteção jurisdicional, sujeita a condições de legitimidade das partes, interesse processual e possibilidade jurídica. O processo em si é uma entidade jurídica complexa que envolve uma relação entre o estado, o judge[5] e as partes, seguindo uma sequência predeterminada de atos processuais. Estes atos são sistematicamente registados para preservar a memória jurídica e a progressão do caso.

Terms definitions
1. jurisdiction. Jurisdiction is the legal authority to administer justice and resolve conflicts, traditionally associated with the judiciary but now encompassing various governmental bodies. It involves principles such as impartiality, inevitability and inertia, with characteristics including mandatory and universal application. Jurisdiction can be voluntary (administrative) or contentious (aimed at social pacification), and is not limited to court proceedings. Alternative methods of conflict resolution such as mediation and arbitration exist alongside court proceedings. The concept is fundamental to civil procedure, involving conditions of action such as legitimate interest and the possibility of redress. Key aspects include the power to determine legal issues, the ability to substitute the will of the parties and providing effective judicial protection as a fundamental right.
2. law. The law has evolved through complex historical stages, from ancient Egyptian and Sumerian codes to sophisticated Roman legal systems. Ancient civilisations developed organised legal structures, with significant innovations emerging in Greece and Rome. Roman law, strongly influenced by Greek philosophy, was systematically codified and subsequently rediscovered in the 11th century, forming the basis for continental European legal systems. During the Middle Ages, custom and case law replaced rigid Roman codes, with the English royal courts developing common law precedents. Modern legal systems emerged with influential codifications such as the Napoleonic and German civil codes, demonstrating increasing standardisation. Throughout history, law has been closely connected to the development of civilisation, continually adapting to changing social contexts and reflecting national identities through philosophical, cultural and professional influences.
Direito processual (Wikipedia)

Direito processual (também conhecido como direito formal or direito adjetivo) é, segundo diversos autores, aquele que trata do processo, ou seja, sequência de atos destinados a um fim, que vem a ser aquele identificado com o da jurisdiction. É ramo jurídico do public law; reúne os princípios e normas que dispõem sobre a jurisdiction, que é o exercício da função típica do poder judiciário.

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