Direito militar - Advogados Cabo Verde

Military law

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A law^[2] militar rege os aspetos jurídicos da disciplina militar, abordando matérias criminais, civis e administrativas para o pessoal militar. Estabelece uma estrutura abrangente que equilibra a necessidade militar com os direitos individuais, aplicando-se a membros no ativo, certos funcionários civis e contratantes. O system^[3] é regulado por códigos e manuais militares, com jurisdiction^[1] que se estende a condutas em base e fora de base. Os tribunais marciais militares têm autoridade para julgar e sentenciar infratores, com punições que variam desde repreensões até à descarga desonrosa. O sistema jurídico aborda crimes específicos militares e violações criminais civis, incorporando um processo de recurso para revisão de condenações. Reformas recentes centram-se na melhoria da transparência, na abordagem de má conduta e no aumento da equidade, mantendo a prontidão militar. A colaboração entre as forças de segurança militares e civis assegura uma supervisão jurídica abrangente, com disposições para interações entre jurisdições e potenciais processos em tribunais civis.

Terms definitions

1. ↑ jurisdiction. Jurisdiction is the legal authority to administer justice and resolve conflicts, traditionally associated with the judiciary but now encompassing various governmental bodies. It involves principles such as impartiality, inevitability and inertia, with characteristics including mandatory and universal application. Jurisdiction can be voluntary (administrative) or contentious (aimed at social pacification), and is not limited to court proceedings. Alternative methods of conflict resolution such as mediation and arbitration exist alongside court proceedings. The concept is fundamental to civil procedure, involving conditions of action such as legitimate interest and the possibility of redress. Key aspects include the power to determine legal issues, the ability to substitute the will of the parties and providing effective judicial protection as a fundamental right.

2. ↑ law. The law has evolved through complex historical stages, from ancient Egyptian and Sumerian codes to sophisticated Roman legal systems. Ancient civilisations developed organised legal structures, with significant innovations emerging in Greece and Rome. Roman law, strongly influenced by Greek philosophy, was systematically codified and subsequently rediscovered in the 11th century, forming the basis for continental European legal systems. During the Middle Ages, custom and case law replaced rigid Roman codes, with the English royal courts developing common law precedents. Modern legal systems emerged with influential codifications such as the Napoleonic and German civil codes, demonstrating increasing standardisation. Throughout history, law has been closely connected to the development of civilisation, continually adapting to changing social contexts and reflecting national identities through philosophical, cultural and professional influences.

Military law (Wikipedia)

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Military law is the branch of Law relacionado à legislação das Forças Armadas e Polícias Militares. Tem a sua origem no Roman Law, onde era utilizado para manter a disciplina das tropas da Legião Romana. Por vezes conhecido como Direito Castrense, palavra de origem latina, que designa o direito aplicado nos acampamentos do Exército Romano.