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Alternative law

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A Law[3] Alternativa emergiu no Brasil durante as décadas de 1960 e 1970, originando-se de movimentos jurídicos italianos e espanhóis. Pioneira por juízes e juristas como Amilton Bueno de Carvalho, desafia o legal positivism[1] tradicional ao ver o law[4] como inerentemente político e carregado de valores. O movimento rejeita o capitalismo e o liberalismo burguês, priorizando a justice[2] social e a igualdade democrática. Fundamental em sua abordagem é criticar as estruturas legais formais que obscurecem as desigualdades sistêmicas, buscando aproximar o direito das comunidades marginalizadas. Estudiosos associados à Lei Alternativa argumentam que a interpretação jurídica é moldada por perspectivas ideológicas e visam desenvolver uma estrutura jurídica transformadora. As principais contribuições incluem publicações acadêmicas, críticas teóricas dos sistemas jurídicos existentes e ênfase na compreensão do direito através de lentes filosóficas, sociológicas e práticas. Seus objetivos mais amplos incluem desafiar as ordens jurídicas estabelecidas e promover práticas jurídicas mais inclusivas e equitativas.

Terms definitions
1. ↑ legal positivism. Legal Positivism is a philosophical approach to law that emphasises the distinction between law as it is and law as it should be. Emerging in the 19th century, it focuses on understanding law as a human construct derived from social and political institutions, rather than moral or natural principles. Key theorists such as H.L.A. Hart and Hans Kelsen developed frameworks explaining legal systems as hierarchical normative structures, where legal validity depends on procedural sources rather than inherent moral value. The theory encompasses several streams of thought, including analytical jurisprudence and different positivist approaches ranging from exclusive positivism (law and morality are separate) to inclusive (moral considerations can sometimes inform legal interpretation). Legal positivism challenges traditional theories of natural law by arguing that the legitimacy of law comes from its formal creation and social recognition, not from abstract moral standards.
2. ↑ justice. Justice is a complex philosophical and social concept that has been examined through various lenses in different historical periods. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Aristotle explored its subjective and corrective dimensions, while medieval thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas connected justice to divine will. Modern theorists such as Rawls, Sen and Dworkin offer diverse perspectives on fairness, equality and social organisation. Key approaches include utilitarian views that emphasise collective happiness, libertarian perspectives that prioritise individual rights and capability-based frameworks that focus on human potential. Academics debate the fundamental principles of justice, examining the distribution of resources, opportunities and social goods. Symbolically represented by scales, a sword and blindfolded figures, justice embodies impartiality, balance and rational decision-making. Contemporary discourse continues to explore how justice can be achieved through legal, economic and philosophical mechanisms, recognising its dynamic and multifaceted nature.
Alternative law (Wikipedia)

O Direito Alternativo é um movimento de juristas organizado no início dos anos 1990, que busca produzir uma nova forma de ver, praticar e ler o law.

Capa do livro Direito Alternativo na Jurisprudência (1993), de Amilton Bueno de Carvalho.

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