Crimes contra a honra - Advogados Cabo Verde

1. ↑ public interest. The public interest is a complex concept to define precisely, involving political, sociological and legal perspectives. Rooted in historical philosophies from Aristotle to the French Revolution, it represents the collective well-being of society. Scholars such as Dalmo de Abreu Dallari and Ernest S. Griffith have proposed various analytical frameworks to understand its essence. The concept plays a crucial role in Administrative Law, evolving from the protection of individual rights to satisfying broader societal needs. Despite its importance, the public interest is criticised for its ambiguity and potential for manipulation. Critics such as Lenio Luiz Streck argue that it lacks substantive meaning. Practical application requires clear criteria, balancing public and private interests, ensuring transparency and accountability in decision-making. Ultimately, the public interest aims to serve social welfare by adapting to changing social values and emerging collective needs.

2. ↑ jurisprudence. Case law is the systematic study of legal principles and judicial decisions, originating in Roman law and developing through English common law. It encompasses the interpretation and application of laws by the courts, serving to fill legal gaps and adapt to contemporary societal needs. Judicial decisions provide critical guidance for legal practice, with specialised databases helping lawyers navigate complex legal landscapes. While laws have broader application and are created through legislative processes, court decisions offer specific interpretations and precedents within a given jurisdiction. The discipline plays a crucial role in understanding legal customs, resolving disputes and ensuring consistent judicial reasoning. Modern jurisprudence relies on technological solutions to categorise and analyse court decisions, enabling more efficient legal research and interpretation.

3. ↑ difamação. Difamação é uma infração legal que envolve a imputação de factos ofensivos que danificam a honra e a reputação de um indivíduo. Pode ser cometida por qualquer pessoa contra pessoas singulares ou coletivas, sendo o crime consumado quando terceiros tomam conhecimento das declarações ofensivas. O interesse jurídico protegido é a posição social objetiva da vítima, independentemente da verdade factual das alegações. A difamação requer dano intencional (dolo) e pode acarretar penas potenciais de 3 meses a 1 ano de detenção e uma multa. Existem exceções para declarações feitas em tom de brincadeira ou por profissionais no âmbito das suas funções oficiais. As vítimas têm 6 meses a partir da descoberta da identidade do autor para intentar uma ação criminal. A infração difere da calunia e foca-se no ato de imputação em vez da veracidade absoluta das declarações.

4. ↑ slander. Slander is a serious crime against honour that involves falsely attributing a criminal act to an individual, damaging their reputation in society. It requires the accusation of a specific, legally defined and demonstrably false criminal act. The offence targets objective honour, focusing on external social perception. Anyone can be both perpetrator and victim, including legal entities in certain contexts. There are legal exceptions for lawsuits, professional criticism and official evaluations. Notably, a full retraction before sentencing can exempt the perpetrator from punishment. The UN Human Rights Council has highlighted potential risks of libel laws being used for political censorship. Providing clarifying explanations can nullify criminal intent, and the act is considered a complex legal classification involving multiple jurisdictional and intentional elements.

5. ↑ injúria. O Código Penal Brasileiro define injúria como uma ofensa contra a dignidade ou decoro de uma pessoa, punível com detenção ou multa. Qualquer indivíduo pode cometer ou ser vítima deste crime, excluindo-se as corporações. A ofensa é considerada consumada quando a vítima toma conhecimento da ação ofensiva, e requer dano intencional à honra subjetiva da vítima. Circunstâncias específicas podem levar a penalidades aumentadas, como violência, atos difamatórios ou direcionamento a fatores como raça, religião, idade ou deficiência. Nem todo discurso ofensivo constitui injúria; piadas ou críticas isoladas não se qualificam. O quadro legal distingue entre intenção direta e tentativa de injúria, aplicando princípios de razoabilidade para avaliar a gravidade e aplicabilidade da ofensa.

6. ↑ damage. Damage is a legal concept originating from the Latin word "damnum", referring to the harm caused to legally protected goods or interests. It covers material, moral, economic, psychological and reputational impacts resulting from civil or criminal acts. Modern legal interpretation has expanded beyond traditional naturalistic perspectives, seeking more comprehensive compensation for various forms of damage. Valuation involves quantifying losses through repair costs, market value, expert testimony and financial projections. Legal measures include monetary compensation, restitution, injunctions, punitive damages and rehabilitation measures. The evolving framework aims to address complex damage scenarios, recognising tangible and intangible consequences, balancing the need for fair and comprehensive resolution of damages.