Misdemeanours

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Uma contravenção, conhecida como “contravenção” em português, é uma infração criminal menos grave regulada por marcos legais específicos no Brasil e em Portugal. No Brasil, o Decreto-Lei n.º 3.688 rege essas infrações, que são julgadas pelos Special Courts[1] Criminais e consideradas infrações menores, como perturbação da paz. Diferentemente de crimes mais graves, as contravenções são puníveis com prisão simples de até 5 anos e não permitem a prosecutação de infração tentada. Na law[2] portuguesa, um conceito semelhante denominado “contraordenação” é uma infração administrativa punível com coimas sem possibilidade de aprisionamento. A distinção fundamental entre crimes e contravenções não reside na natureza do ato, mas na severidade da punição, com os crimes acarretando consequências legais mais substanciais, como prisão mais longa e potenciais ações criminais públicas e privadas.

Terms definitions
1. Special Courts ( Specialised Courts ) The Special Courts in Brazil emerged from the republican constitutions, gaining prominence with the Rio Grande Small Claims Court in 1982 and national establishment through Law 7.244 in 1984. Constitutional recognition came in 1988. These courts operate on the principles of simplicity, informality and procedural efficiency, dealing with civil, criminal and public finance cases with monetary limits. They have unique characteristics such as collegiate appeal panels and specific procedural rules. The Special Civil Courts manage cases up to 40 minimum wages, the criminal courts deal with minor offences and the public treasury courts deal with state-related civil matters up to 60 minimum wages. The Special Federal Courts have functional jurisdiction over cases of federal interest, limited to 60 minimum wages. Governed by specialised laws, these courts aim to provide faster and more accessible justice through simplified processes and less bureaucratic complexity.
2. law. The law has evolved through complex historical stages, from ancient Egyptian and Sumerian codes to sophisticated Roman legal systems. Ancient civilisations developed organised legal structures, with significant innovations emerging in Greece and Rome. Roman law, strongly influenced by Greek philosophy, was systematically codified and subsequently rediscovered in the 11th century, forming the basis for continental European legal systems. During the Middle Ages, custom and case law replaced rigid Roman codes, with the English royal courts developing common law precedents. Modern legal systems emerged with influential codifications such as the Napoleonic and German civil codes, demonstrating increasing standardisation. Throughout history, law has been closely connected to the development of civilisation, continually adapting to changing social contexts and reflecting national identities through philosophical, cultural and professional influences.
Misdemeanours (Wikipedia)

A contravenção or contraordenação - no âmbito do law de determinados países - é uma infração penal considerada como de menor gravidade que a de um crime. Este tipo de infração é normalmente punida com uma sanção leve, que - conforme o país e a respetiva lei - pode consistir em pena de prisão simples, sanção pecuniária (fine or coima) ou outro tipo de punição.

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