Collapse

Collapse is a complex phenomenon involving various natural and human-induced causes, including erosion, earthquakes, weathering and direct or indirect human actions. Significant incidents have resulted in loss of life, material damage and family displacement, particularly in areas prone to environmental risks such as flooding and deforestation. Prevention requires comprehensive land use studies, safety planning and avoiding the occupation of unstable land. Notable disasters such as the landslides in Angra dos Reis and Niterói have highlighted the critical need for proactive risk management. Factors contributing to collapse include soil characteristics, water-related erosion and environmental degradation. Both geological and engineering perspectives emphasise the importance of understanding landscape dynamics and implementing protective measures to mitigate potential structural failures and human vulnerability.

Collapse (Wikipedia)

Collapse is the movement of soils by force of gravity terrestrial, often occurring as a landslideThere are several possible causes, including

• a erosion by the waters of the rainfall, from rivers, from water table or the sea;
• the earthquakes;
• o weathering;
• the action of man:
  • directly:
    • through the dismantling with explosives, or;
    • for the drilling and exploitation of earth tunnels that run under the tarmac in Praia Grande
    • , wells (water, petrol, gas or salt) or mines underground (mineral coal, gold, metals various, precious stones, salts or others minerals);
    • with the use of tractors, excavators or machines similar, or;
  • indirectly:
    • as a result of the action chemistry of pollutants launched in environment;
    • by deforestation slopes of hills or the riparian forests from the riverside.