Casuistry

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A casuística é uma abordagem metodológica usada em vários campos, nomeadamente na investigação clínica e na ética teológica. Em contextos médicos, envolve relatórios de casos detalhados que contribuem para a compreensão de cenários clínicos únicos. Na teologia, serve como um processo de raciocínio moral[1] para resolver dilemas éticos, extraindo princípios de casos específicos e reaplicando-os a novas situações. O método enfrentou desafios significativos durante a controvérsia do probabilismo do século XVII, que dividiu teólogos católicos em campos rigoristas e laxistas sobre interpretações divergentes de padrões morais. Estes debates destacaram as complexidades da tomada de decisão moral e interromperam temporariamente o desenvolvimento do raciocínio casuístico. Para além do meio académico, a casuística também encontrou expressão em domínios não convencionais, como uma revista eletrónica de artes que explora expressões artísticas heterodoxas e desafia fronteiras tradicionais.

Terms definitions
1. moral. Morality refers to distinguishing proper from improper actions and originates from the Latin word "moralis". It encompasses individual conscience, societal values and behavioural norms. Moral principles transcend legal rules, representing autonomous and non-coercive guidelines rooted in human empathy and historical experiences. Unlike the law, moral standards are more comprehensive and shaped by social sentiment. Biological research suggests that moral capacities exist not only in humans, but also in primates, demonstrating evolutionary foundations of empathy and reciprocity. Religious and cultural contexts significantly influence moral structures, with different traditions emphasising different ethical principles. Literature and social interactions propagate moral lessons, presenting exemplary models of behaviour. Fundamentally, morality serves as a complex system of social control, guiding individual conduct through internalised values and a collective understanding of right and wrong.
Casuistry (Wikipedia)

Casuística refere-se ao raciocínio baseado em casos.

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