Animal rights is a philosophical and ethical movement that defends the consideration moral[4] and legal status of animals beyond their traditional property status. Rooted in the historical philosophical discourse of thinkers such as Pythagoras, Bentham and Rousseau, the modern movement emerged in the 1970s, challenging anthropocentric perspectives on animal welfare. Key philosophers such as Tom Regan, Gary Francione and Peter Singer developed theories that emphasise animal sensitivity, interests and intrinsic value. The movement criticises practices such as industrial animal husbandry and animal experimentation, arguing for equal consideration of animal experiences. Although there are no comprehensive global animal rights laws, some jurisdictions have implemented protective measures, such as Brazil's criminal sanctions against mistreatment[2] animals. Current debates explore the expansion of legal personality[1] for intelligent species, address technological innovations such as lab-grown meat, and establish links between animal rights and broader frameworks of justice[3] social. The movement continues to evolve, challenging the traditional boundaries between human and animal moral status.
The defence of animal rights or animal rightsThis is a movement that fights against any use of animals no human that transforms them into properties of human beings, in other words, means to human ends. It is a social movement which is not content with regulating the "humane" use of animals, but seeks to include them in the moral community in order to ensure that their basic interests are respected and given equal consideration to human interests. The claim is that animals should not be considered property or "natural resources", neither legally nor morally justifiable. On the contrary, they must be respected just like people.
Animal law courses are now included in 69 of the 180 law schools in the world. United StatesThe idea of the extension of the quality of persons (or subject of law) is defended by various professors such as Alan Dershowitz e Laurence Tribe of Harvard Law School. This has been seen by a growing number of lawyers in favour of animal rights, as a first step towards guaranteeing rights for other animals. Steven Wise, professor of law at Harvard Law School, has demonstrated his closeness to the cause, quoting Robert Samuelson: "Progress occurs funeral by funeral."
A Universal Declaration of Animal Rights was proclaimed by the UNESCOin Brusselson the day 27th January of 1978. However, this declaration contains characteristics condemned by animal rights defenders. In particular, Article 9, which states that "animals intended for slaughter should be slaughtered without suffering anxiety or pain", ratifies the possibility of violating a basic right (the right to physical integrity) for human purposes.
In Brazil, the day 11th September is set aside to raise awareness of rights, and the Animal Rights Day.
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